June.] FLOWER-GARDEN. 421 
When the scarlet predominates, and is united with a paler colour, 
or, as it sometimes happens, with a very deep purple upon a white 
ground, it constitutes a scarlet Bzzard, of which there are many 
varieties, some richer and others paler in their colours, as is the 
case with all the rest. 
Pink Bizards, are so called when the pink abounds. Purple Bi~ 
zards, when the purple abounds. Crimson Bizards, consist of a 
deep purple and rich pink. 
When the pink Jlake is very high in colour, it is distinguished 
by the appellation of the rose flake; but there are some so nearly 
in the medium between pink and scarlet, that it can scarcely be de- 
fined to which class they belong. 
Propagating Carnations by Laying and Piping. 
When carnations, &c. are propagated in the open air, by their 
shoots or layers connected with the mother plant, the operation is 
called laying; but when they are propagated by cuttings, taken 
from the original plant, and by the assistance of artificial means, 
caused to strike root in a confined air, it is called piping them. 
The operation of laying, or piping; is to commence as soon as the 
plants are in full bloom; nevertheless, those who are particularly 
desirous to preserve their bloom in the greatest perfection, may de* 
fer it till the flowers are on the decline; but others anxious to have 
their plants strong and well rooted early in autumn, with a view 
that the layers may be better prepared to endure the severities of the 
ensuing winter, begin to lay at the commencement of the bloom; 
at which time, the plants being full of juices and vigour, the layers 
are the better nourished and supported, and soon strike root: but 
it must be allowed that the bloom is considerably impaired, by the 
wounds inflicted in the operation, particularly so, when performed 
in an early stage of it; the old plants seldom survive, unless very- 
strong and sound, or some of the upper young shoots be left, such 
as are too short to be laid with convenience; these will encourage 
and continue the circulation of the juices if suffered to remain. 
Previous to entering on the operation of laying, you must be pro- 
vided with a sufficient number of wooden or other pegs, each to be 
about five or six inches long, and formed somewhat like the figure 
7, that is, with a short hooked end. The operator should likewise 
be provided with a table on which to place the pots, for the greater 
convenience in the examination, dressing, and laying of the shoots, 
also with a sharp pen-knife, and some fresh compost earth. 
The layer may be supposed to have four or five joints, more or 
less; the lower leaves next the root, are all to be cut or stripped off 
close, to within two or three joints of the extremity of the layer, 
and its extreme points are to be shortened by cutting the tops off 
with the knife, so as to leave them only an inch and a half, or two 
inches in length, from the joint whence they proceed. 
All the layers in the pots are to be thus treated or prepared be- 
fore any further procedure be made; the surface of the earth is 
then to be cleared of what have fallen on it, and should be stirred up 
