Oct.] THE KITCHEN-GARDEN. 523 
When the seed is ripe, which is very perceivable by the capsules 
opening, and the seed turning black, the heads are to be cut off and 
spread thinly upon coarse cloths, in the sun till quite dry, observing 
to keep them under shelter at night and in wet weather; then beat 
or rub out the seed, fan it clean, expose it to the sun for a day or 
two after and put it up in bags till wanted for sowing. 
Some people plant the onions which they intend to produce seed, 
in spring, but when planted at that season they are never so pro- 
ductive of seed as those planted in October, and are much more 
subject to blite; however, when it is so determined, it should be 
done as soon after the middle of February, as it is possible to get the 
ground in a fit condition to receive them, and should not be covered, 
more than from two to three inches over their crowns; observing, 
to select for that purpose, such roots as have good properties and no 
growths from their tops. 
A slight covering of straw or light litter laid over the October 
planted beds, on the approach of hard frost, and raked clean off as 
soon as the leaves begin to appear in spring, would be of use, 
though it is not absolutely necessary to the preservation of the 
roots. 
Horse-Radish and Scurvy Grass. 
You may now plant roots of the Cochlearia Armoracia, or horse- 
radish, in dry, rich ground, agreeably to the directions given in page 
209; but in moist soil, March will be a preferable time. 
This is a proper season to sow some seed of the Cochlearia officinalis 
or common officinal scurvy-grass; from this sowing the plants will 
rise freely in spring, and generally succeed better than if sown at 
that season. I do not mean what is commonly used for an early 
spring sallad, and generally called scurvy-grass; for the sowing 
of which I have given directions in page 463, under the name of 
Winter Cresses. 
Ordinary work. 
Give a general hoeing and weeding to all your crops, and carry 
the weeds immediately out of the garden, lest they shed their seeds 
and lay the foundation of much trouble; likewise clean all vacant 
quarters from weeds, and from the decayed stalks of peas, beans, 
cabbages, &c. 
Such spaces of ground as are now vacant, should be dunged and 
dug, or trenched, that it may have the true advantage of fallow in 
the winter season. 
If the ground is of a stiff or heavy nature, throw it up into high 
sloping ridges, for the reasons assigned in page 9. 
Taking up the roots of Carrots, Beets, Sfc. 
About the latter end of the month you may begin to take up 
the l-oots of full grown carrots, beets, parsneps, turneps, Jerusalem 
artichokes, &c. which are to be preserved as directed in November. 
