Oct.] THE FRUIT-GARDEN. 527 
half an inch deep with loose, rich earth, but if in spring, a quarter 
of an inch will be sufficient. 
Planting Raspberries. 
There are many varieties of the Rubus idaus, or European 
raspberry, but the most preferable are the large common red, the 
large common white, the red Antwerp, and the white Antwerp 
raspberries. 
The smooth cane double-bearing raspberry, is cultivated in some 
places, as it produces one crop of fruit in June, and another in 
October; but the fruit are few and small, which has occasioned its 
being neglected. 
Of the Rubus occidentalism or American raspberry, we have two 
varieties, the black fruited; and the red fruited; the latter is prefera- 
ble in taste and flavour to the black variety. 
Raspberries do not thrive well under the shade of trees, nor in 
such situations are their fruit well flavoured; therefore, they should 
be planted in a detached airy piece of ground, naturally good, or 
artificially made so. As to the choice of plants and method of 
planting them, I refer you to page 222. 
Such as you plant between the middle and latter end of this 
month, will make new roots before winter, and produce some good 
fruit next season; but in the year following, they will bear plenti- 
fully. 
Dressing and Pruning Raspberries. 
When your new plantations are finished, and all the stout, strag- 
gling suckers, taken away for that purpose, dig the ground of the 
old standing plantations carefully, clearing out by the roots, the 
remaining useless and scattered suckers, leaving an ample supply 
of the best shoots for pruning. 
In the middle and eastern states, I would not recommend the 
pruning of raspberries before spring; for by deferring that work 
to the latter end of February, or beginning of March, there will be 
a greater chance of the shoots not being injured by frost; and 
moreover, you can then make choice of such as received the least 
injury. But in the southern states they may be pruned now with 
safety; for the method see page 139. 
It is necessary to observe that the shoots which had borne fruit 
last summer, must be cut down to the ground either now or in the 
spring, as they will never bear again; and that it is from the shoots 
of the present season, immediately rising from the roots, that you 
are to expect fruit in the ensuing year. 
The Antwerp raspberries being somewhat more tender and sub- 
ject to be injured by frost than the common kinds, it will be of con- 
siderable advantage to protect them therefrom, in the manner di- 
rected next month. 
