530 THE VINEYARD. [Oct. 
lest it is bruised, which would cause it soon to rot and communicate 
the infection, so that in a little 'time much injury might be sus- 
tained, in consequence of a trifling neglect in the first instance: 
but above all things, place your fruit whatever way they are put up, 
completely out of the reach of frost. 
The common kinds for more immediate use, after being sweated 
and wiped as before directed, may be packed in hampers or barrels, 
layer about of fruit and straw, and placed where they will neither be 
exposed to damps nor frost. 
Planting and Pruning Fruit-Trees. 
What I have said under the article Fruit-Garden, for this month, 
is perfectly applicable, in as much as it has relation to the planting 
and pruning of Orchards at this season. But for general instructions, 
on these heads, I refer you to the article Orchard, in January, page 
46, February page 141, and March page 224, Sec. After a care- 
ful perusal of what is there said, you will be perfectly able to judge, 
(taking into consideration the nature of your soil and local situa- 
tion of the place) whether it is more prudent for you to plant and 
prune in the autumn, or to defer that business till the opening of 
spring. 
If any of your fruit trees are cracked and rough in the bark, 
when the fruit is pulled, scrape off the loose parts, and, with a 
large painting brush, apply a mixture of cow-dung and urine, 
made to the consistence of a thick paint, covering the stem and any 
other parts so affected carefully over therewith. This will soften 
the old rough bark, which will peal off with it during the following 
winter and spring, leaving after it the smooth fresh bark only. 
Your trees being freed from that incumbrance and harbour for 
worms, insects, &c. will thrive much more luxuriantly than before. 
THE VINEYARD. 
Having given ample instructions last month for the mak- 
ing of wines, curing of raisins, and preserving the fruit fresh for a 
length, of time, &c. it is unnecessary to touch upon those subjects 
in this place; therefore, have only to refer you to the article Vine- 
yard in page 487, Sec. for information respecting any thing yet re- 
maining to be done, of what was there recommended. 
In the southern states, Vineyards may now be planted, and vines 
propagated by cuttings, Sic. and indeed where the winters are mild 
and but little or no frosts, this is the most suitable season for so 
doing, particularly towards the latter end of the month. But in 
the middle states, the month of March, and in the eastern states, the 
early part of April, will be the most preferable periods, in which to 
perform this business. 
