532 THE NURSERY, [Oct. 
The cuttings or sets, should be about two feet long, made from 
strong shoots of two or three years' growth, and about two thirds of 
each set, planted or drove into the earth, leaving the rest out to 
form the stool; each of these will throw out several shoots, and if 
kept free from weeds, for the ensuing season, they will provide for 
themselves afterwards. 
The year old shoots, being what are generally used for the va- 
rious purposes noticed, the whole produce must be cut down 
annually, either in autumn or spring, to promote such growths. 
However, a sufficiency may be suffered to grow for two or three 
years, when sets are wanted for an additional plantation. 
If the ground can be ploughed, it will be attended with less trou- 
ble, and the rows may be planted three feet asunder: the distance 
of the sets from one another, in each row, should be about two feet 
and a half. 
I would advise to plant the cuttings with a dibble, in preference 
to forcing them in, as by the latter method the bark would be 
injured. 
This work may be done with equal propriety, and sometimes 
with more success in the early part of spring. Cuttings may also be 
planted, at either season, in the face of moist ditches, where they 
will succeed extremely well. 
THE NURSERY. 
Trenching and Dressing the Ground, 
In the beginning of this month, continue to trench and prepare 
the several quarters in which you intend to plant stocks, to graft 
and bud the several sorts of fruit upon; and also for the various 
other planting and sowing that may be necessary. 
Carry dung into such parts of the Nursery as it is wanted, and 
spread it upon the surface of the ground round the stems of young 
trees; this will contribute to the preservation of their roots from 
frost, the rains will wash in the salts to the roots of the trees, and in 
spring, you may dig in the dung between the respective rows. 
Propagating Trees and Shrubs by Layers. 
Any time this month you may lay the various kinds, of trees and 
shrubs that you wish to propagate in that way; for the methods 
of doing which, together with several useful observations, see page ? 
287, &c. 
