560 THE FRUIT-GARDEN. fJNov. 
sown at this time will make stronger and earlier plants; the seeds 
may be sown pretty thick in drills eighteen inches asunder, and 
covered about half an inch deep; when the plants are about two 
inches high, thin them to the distance of eight inches from one 
another, and so let them remain, always keeping them free from 
weeds. It may also be propagated by offsets from the root taken off 
in the spring or late autumn months, and planted in rows at the 
above distances; and by heading it down frequently during summer, 
as it starts to seed, you will increase the crops of foliage. 
Dung and Trench Ground. 
In the beginning of this month, dung and trench the ground that 
is intended for early crops, and lay it up in high narrow sloping 
ridges, particularly if it be any way stiff, or of a heavy nature, to 
receive the benefit of the winter frosts, &c. which will enrich, mel- 
low, refresh, and sweeten it; besides by getting as much of this 
work performed now, as can be conveniently done, it will greatly 
forward and assist your affairs in spring, when hurried by a pressure 
of other business. 
Should the frost set in, towards the latter end of the month, so as 
to bind up the ground, and prevent the operation of trenching, you 
may cart or wheel manure into the different quarters, where want- 
ed, which will help to forward your business considerably. 
SOUTHERN STATES. 
Transplant finally, cabbage and cauliflower plants, but where the 
winter frosts are rather severe, the latter will want occasional pro- 
tection of some sort; plant early Mazagan, Windsor, and long-pod 
beans, and sow a succession crop of early peas; earth up your ad- 
vancing crops of the cabbage tribe, celery, and cardoons, blanch 
endive, sow spinach, radish, lettuce, and likewise small sallading of 
every kind on warm borders; the latter will require the protection 
of a frame and glasses, in cold or frosty weather. 
THE FRUIT-GARDEN. 
Planting Espalier and Wall Trees, Sfc. 
In the early part of this month, plant apple, pear, quince, 
plum, cherry, peach, nectarine, almond and apricot trees, either for 
espaliers, against walls, or for half or whole standards; observing 
that the ground in which you plant at this season lies perfectly dry 
during winter. For further particulars, see the Fruit-Garden for 
last month, page 524, and also page 221. 
