52 THE NURSERY. [Jan. 
plant for this purpose is the haw-thorn; but a paling, or other 
similar close fence, either in general or part, would be extremely 
useful, against which to train young wall-trees to a proper growth 
for garden or espalier plantations. 
The ground must then be all regularly trenched one or two 
spades deep, according as the natural depth of the soil will admit, 
for by no means dig deeper than the natural good soil, being either 
one spade, one and a half, or two spades deep. 
Then, having trenched the ground, proceed to divide it by walks 
into quarters, and other compartments; a principal walk should 
lead directly through the middle or some principal part of the 
ground, which may be from five to eight or ten feet wide, according 
as it shall seem proper for use or ornament, having a broad border 
on each side: another walk should be carried all round next the 
outward boundary, four or five feet wide, leaving an eight or ten 
feet border next the fence all the way; then may divide the inter- 
nal part by smaller cross walks, so as to form the whole into four, 
six, or eight principal divisions, which are commonly called quar- 
ters. 
One or more of the divisions must be allotted for a seminary, 
i. e. for the reception of all sorts of seeds, for raising seedling plants 
to furnish the other parts; therefore divide this seminary-ground 
into four feet wide beds, with foot-wide alleys, at least, between bed 
and bed: in these beds should be sown seeds, Sec. of all such trees, 
shrubs, and herbaceous plants as are raised from seed; and which 
seeds consist both of the various sorts of kernels and stones ot fruit, 
to raise stocks for grafting and budding; seeds of forest, and or- 
namental trees, shrubs, &c. and seeds of numerous herbaceous pe- 
rennials, both of the fibrous-rooted and bulbous-rooted tribes; the 
sowing season is both spring and autumn, according to the nature of 
the different sorts, which is fully illustrated in their proper places; 
and when the young tree and shrub seedling-plants so raised, are one 
or two years old, they are to be planted out in nursery-rows into the 
other principal divisions; but many kinds of herbaceous plants re- 
quire to be pricked out from the seed-beds, when but from two to 
three or four months old, as directed for each under their own 
respective heads. On the other hand, most kinds of bulbous seed- 
lings will not be fit for planting out, in less than one or two years. 
Another part of the Nursery-ground should be allotted for stools 
of various trees and shrubs, for the propagation by layers, by which, 
vast numbers of plants of different kinds are propagated. These 
stools are strong plants of trees and shrubs, planted in rows three 
or four feet distance every way, and such of them as naturally rise 
with tall stems, are, after being planted one year, to be headed 
down near the ground, to force out many lower shoots conveniently 
situated for laying. 
And as to cuttings, suckers, slips, off-sets, &c. those of hardy 
trees, shrubs, and plants, may be planted in any convenient com- 
partment, and in shady borders, &c. and for the more tender kinds? 
should allot some warm sheltered situation. 
