Feb.] THE VINEYARD. 449 
tally, one to each side, within a foot or a little better, of the ground, 
and continue them in that direction from year to year, to whatever 
extent you may think desirable. 
The first year these must be deprived only, of the decayed wood 
on the extremities, and of any secondary shoots proceeding from 
the axillas of the leaves, unless they have run to the desired extent: 
the second year they will produce shoots from the joints, which are 
to be trained either upright, serpentine form, or fan-fashion, accord- 
ing to fancy, at the distance of about eight inches from each other: 
the third year, head each of these down to one good bud, and train 
them up as before directed? the fourth, and every succeeding year, 
make choice of the strongest shoots, say every third one, and head 
them down to from ten to twenty buds each, more or less, according 
to the strength of the mother plant, goodness of the ground, and 
roundness of the wood, but never leave wood that is not round, for 
such seldom bears fruit. The other shoots are to be headed down 
to one or two good buds each, which are to produce young wood for 
the next years bearing, as those left to bear this season must be cut 
down next, in order to produce a succession of young wood; and so 
continue in their management from year to year. 
When you meet with old vines, which have been neglected, and 
having a great quantity of naked wood, as is generally the case, cut 
them down near to the ground, and they will not fail to produce you 
plenty of young wood, which you can train to your liking, but you 
will have no fruit for that year. Or you may cut out every other 
branch, leaving the old ones to produce fruit that season; but these 
must be cut down the next year, in order to produce young wood, 
and a well furnished tree. 
When arbours are to be formed of grape-vines, the shade being 
as much an object as the fruit, you are to train them so as to cover 
the place handsomely, and at the same time to produce as much and 
as good fruit as possible, by not permitting the leading branches, or 
shoots, to crowd together, but to spread evenly and thin over the 
whole place: this must be done by judicious pruning and careful 
training, alway3 bearing in mind the preceding general directions. 
For the methods of propagating and planting grape-vines, and 
the various kinds thereof, see the Vineyard in March. 
SOUTHERN STATES. 
This will be a principal time for propagating vines, by cuttings, 
layers, &c. and planting vineyards in most of the southern states; for 
the methods of doing which, see the Vineyard in March. 
