March.] THE NURSERY. 255 
open for the reception of the graft, which directly introduce into 
the cleft on the top of the stock, at the back of the slope; inserting 
it with great exactness, as far as it is cut, with the thickest edge 
outwards, and so that the rind may meet exactly every way with 
that of the stock. The graft being placed, then remove the knife 
or wedge, taking care not to displace the cion; this done, let it be 
tied and well clayed in the manner directed above, in the work of 
whip or tongue-grafting. 
Or, if you choose to put in two grafts, it may be performed on 
large stocks, which must be twice cleft, parallel to each other, and 
so fix the cions as above, in opposite sides. 
This method of grafting may be performed occasionally, on the 
upright branches of bearing trees, when intended either to renew 
the wood, or change the sort of fruit. 
When the grafts have shot five or six inches, take off the clay 
and bandages, and cover the wounded parts of the stocks with fresh 
grafting-clay, which will protect them from the influence of the 
weather, and accelerate the growth of the bark over the wounds; 
let this claying remain on till it falls off of itself: this second clay- 
ing is more necessary to large, than to small stocks, but will be very 
useful to either. 
Third, by Crown-grafting. 
The third kind of grafting is known by the name of crown-graft- 
ing, as sometimes three, four, or more grafts are inserted round the 
crown of the stock, in a circular order, introduced betwixt the bark 
and the wood. 
This way of grafting is commonly practised upon such stocks 
as are too large and stubborn to cleave, and is often performed upon 
the branches of apple and pear-trees, &c. that already bear fruit, 
when it is intended to change the sorts, or to renew the tree with 
fresh bearing wood. 
The manner of doing it, is as follows: 
First, to cut off the head of the tree or stock level, or of any 
particular branch of a tree which you intend to graft, and pare the 
top perfectly smooth; then prepare your cions, which is done by 
cutting one side flat and sloping, about two inches in length, making 
a kind of shoulder at the top of the cut, to rest on the head of the 
stock; and pare off a little of the bark towards each edge of the 
graft; then prepare to insert it, which, in this order of grafting, 
must be effected by introducing the sloped part down betwixt the 
bark and wood of the stock; first slitting the bark or rind from the 
top downwards, clean through to the firm wood, two inches or two 
and a half in length; and having a small thin wedge of iron or 
wood, open therewith the rind of the stock a little at the top of the 
slit, by introducing it gently down betwixt the wood and rind, far 
enough to make way for admitting the graft; then drawing it out 
insert the cion, with the cut sloped side towards, and close to the 
wood of the stock, slipping it neatly down the length of its cut part, 
resting the shoulder thereof, prepared as above, upon the top of the 
