March.] THE NURSERY. 273 
boxes must be removed into the shade. You must keep them very 
free from weeds, as many of the seeds, will not grow till the second 
year. When they are two years old transplant them into nursery 
rows in moist light swampy ground. 
The Thuya occidentalism or American Arbor-Vitae, is propagated 
by layers and cuttings, or by sowing the seed as directed for the 
white cedar, with this difference, that it will not be necessary to pro- 
cure swampy earth for it, as it thrives best in upland. 
The Thuya orientalise or Chinese Arbor-Vitae, may be propagated 
in like manner, as the occidentalis. 
All the above kinds, if raised by seeds, will require some protec- 
tion during the two first years, from very rigorous frosts. 
Pines, and Firs. 
The Pines, and Firs, though ranked under the same genus, 
(Pinus,) may be easily distinguished from one another; as the leaves 
of the former, come out by two, three, or more, from the same 
sheath; and those of the latter singly. In the cedar of Lebanon, and 
Larch, they arise in bunches from the same bud, spreading out 
every way. 
It is also to be remarked, that all the Pines have a tendency to 
drive down tap-roots, and therefore, are more impatient of trans- 
planting than the Firs, whose roots, generally take a lateral direc- 
tion. The Larch, is the only deciduous plant of the whole family. 
As all these kinds are not only very useful, but extremely ornament- 
al, and as none of them can be transplanted from the woods with 
good success, I shall be the more minute in giving the true methods 
of raising them; so as to insure thereby, the growth and prosperity 
of the plants. 
The Pinus Cedrus, or Cedar of Lebanon, is rather too tender for 
those parts of the Union, where the winter frosts are very rigorous; 
but will succeed tolerably well, in warm exposures in the middle 
states, if protected from its violence for a few years, and be gradually 
inured thereto The seeds when procured, are always in the cones, 
and are extremely difficult to be got out; the method is; bore the 
cone through with a small gimlet direct in the centre, entering it at 
the but-end and working out at top; then drive in a round iron or 
hard wooden pin and split the cone, after which, raise the scales one 
after another with a knife, and carefully pick out the seeds which are 
very tender. 
Having your seeds ready, sow them in a box of good fresh earth, 
covering them near half an inch deep; in the middle states, the 
first week in April, will be the best time to do this; but early in 
March will be preferable, if you have a green-house or hot-beds, to 
place the box therein; give them a little sprinkling of water fre- 
quently, just what will be sufficient to keep the earth moist, for 
much would rot or burst the seeds. When up, do not expose them 
too much to the sun, at any time during the season, nor keep them 
in too confined a place: and on the approach of winter remove 
them into the green-house, or place them under the protection of 
2 M 
