432 TH E KITCHEN-GARDEN. [July, 
into four feet wide beds, with alleys between, of three feet; dig the 
beds a spade deep, throwing the earth upon these alleys; wheri 
done, lay four or five inches of good, well rotted hot-bed or other 
dung, all over the bottom of the beds, dig and incorporate it with 
the loose earth remaining, and cover the whole with an inch, or an 
inch and a half, of the earth from the alleys; plant four rows in 
each bed at equal distances, and eight inches apart in the rows; 
after which, give them a plentiful watering, and stick down small 
branches of cedar, or of any kind of evergreen shrubs between the 
rows, to shade them from the sun till well rooted, when the branches 
are to be taken away. The plants must be kept free from weeds, 
till grown of a sufficient size for earthing, which is done with the as- 
sistance of boards, by laying them along the rows, to support the 
leaves while you are putting in the earth from the alleys, and re- 
moving them as you progress in the business. For the method 
of preserving the plants in winter, see the Kitchen-Garden in No- 
vember. 
Land or earth up your early crops of celery, first breaking the 
earth fine with the spade, and then laying it up neatly, to both sides, 
always preserving the tops and hearts of the plants free, that they 
may continue in growth without any interruption; repeat this earth- 
ing, at intervals of eight or ten days, till the plants are sufficiently 
blanched and of proper size for use. Sow a little more seed in the 
first week of the month, to answer for a late crop, if such should be 
wanted. 
Turneps. 
Any time between the twentieth of this month and the middle of 
August, a principal crop of turneps may be sown for autumn and 
winter use; but the earlier they are sown in that period, the larger 
size will the roots attain to. It would be of much importance to take 
advantage of moist weather for this purpose, should such happen 
in due season. 
As the cultivation of turneps upon an extensive scale, as well for 
the feeding of cattle during the winter months, as for culinary pur- 
poses, may and ought to become an interesting object to the citi- 
zens of the United States, I deem it the more necessary to give 
some information respecting the field culture of that very valuable 
root. 
The turnep delights in a light, sandy loam; if a little moist the 
better, especially in warm climates. Upon new or fresh ground 
they are always sweeter, than on an old or worn out soil. Though 
such is the kind of land best adapted to the raising of turneps, yet 
they are cultivated upon every sort of soil in use as arable land. 
Much of the sandy soil now laying waste in various parts of the 
Union, might, with the assistance of culture, and a small portion of 
manure, be profitably employed in producing turneps; for such 
ground, if dressed with a light coat of clay or loam, would yield 
excellent crops of this vegetable. 
The ground intended for the production of turneps in the en- 
suing season, ought to be deeply ploughed, in October, or Novem- 
