442 THE NURSERY. [Jult. 
formed on the north side of the stocks, which will give the buds 
every possible advantage of the sun. 
In performing this work, it will be necessary to observe, that 
where trees are intended for walls, or espaliers, the buds must be 
inserted low in the stocks; that is, at the height of five or six inches 
from the ground: but if intended for standards, the stocks may be 
worked at the height of three, four, five, or even six feet; or, the 
low inserted buds may be trained up on single stems, to a proper 
height for standards, or half standards, and then be headed for the 
production of lateral branches. 
Where there are wall or espalier trees, that do not produce fruit 
of approved kinds, such may be budded with any favourite sorts; 
this may be performed, either upon strong shoots of the present 
year, or on clean young branches of two years' growth, or more; 
several buds may be inserted in each tree in different parts, by 
which means they will be furnished with a sufficiency of new wood, 
of the desired kinds, and in two or three years they will bear abun- 
dantly. 
Should it be found necessary to immerse the cuttings from which 
you take your buds in water, place therein only about an inch of 
their lower ends; the upper parts will be more congenially refresh- 
ed by that means, than if the cuttings were entirely covered; and 
moreover, the buds which are soaked for any considerable time in 
water, will be so saturated with moisture, as to prevent their im- 
bibing the more congenial sap of the stocks, so that they often 
miscarry. For the proper stocks to work the various kinds upon 
see page 250, &c. 
When the stocks are from about half an inch, or a little less, to 
an inch or more in diameter, in the places where the buds are to 
be inserted, they are then of a proper size for working. 
In order to perform the operaiion, you must be provided with a 
neat sharp budding-knife, having a flat thin haft to open the bark of 
the stock for the admission of the bud, and likewise, with a quan- 
tity of new bass-strings, which is certainly the best of all bandages, 
or if such cannot be obtained, some soft woollen yarn to tie round it 
when inserted. 
Observe that the head of the stock is not to be cut off, as in graft- 
ing; that the bud is to be inserted into the side, and the head 
suffered to remain until the spring following, when il is to be cut 
off above the bud, as directed in page 259. 
Methods of Budding, or Inoculating. 
1. Having your cuttings, knife and bandages ready, fix upon a 
smooth part on the side of the stock, at whatever height you intend 
to bud it; with your knife, make a horizontal cut across the bark 
of the stock quite through to the firm wood; then from the middle 
of this cut, make a slit downwards perpendicularly, about an inch 
and a half long, going also quite through to the wood, so that the 
two cuts together may be in the form of the letter T; then with the 
point of your knife raise the bark a little at the angles formed by 
