Nov.] THE FRUIT-GARDEN. 561 
Gooseberries and Currants. 
This is a very suitable and proper season for the planting and 
pruning- of gooseberries and currants; but for particulars I refer 
you to pages 525 and 526. 
CutLngs of either kind may now be planted as directed in page 
292, but they must be stout and pretty long, so as to be planted 
about ten inches deep, or the frost during winter will be very apt 
to throw them out of the ground. 
Gooseberry seed may now be sown as directed in page 526, with 
a view to obtain new varieties. Currants and raspberries may in 
like manner be raised from seed, and improved sorts obtained 
thereby. 
Raspberries. 
As long as the weather continues open you may transplant and 
make new plantations of raspberries, but the earlier in the month 
that this can be done the better; especially if you have to trans- 
plant the Antwerp varieties. For further information on the sub- 
ject of planting and pruning raspberries, see page 527, Sec. 
The red and white Antwerp kinds are excellent fruit, and less 
hardy than the other varieties; consequently, it will be necessary, 
in the eastern and middle states, to lay down the young shoots of 
the present season, immediately previous to the commencement of 
hard frost, first cutting off close to the ground, the shoots which 
had borne fruit the preceding summer. The supernumerary 
weakly shoots may also be cut off and likewise the straggling tops 
of those you intend to lay down, or they may now have a general 
and final pruning as directed in page 139. 
This done dig the earth between the rows, clearing out all use- 
less suckers and weeds, previously adding some very rotten ma- 
nure, if the ground seems to need it, then being provided with 
some hooked wooden pegs, and a number of long, small hoop-poles, 
or the like, lay down each row of shoots gently on one side, on which 
lay the hoop-poles, lengthwise the rows, pegging them down with 
the hooked sticks so as to keep the shoots close to the earth; after 
which cover all over with light litter, straw, hay, barley chaff, fern, 
leaves of trees, or any other light covering, that will protect the 
plants from the effects of the various changes of the weather, 
which, and not the frost only, are the causes of their destruction. 
Here they will remain in safe and good condition till the beginning 
of March, when the litter is to be taken off, the plants raised up, 
and the ground receive its spring dressing. 
Some lay the shoots into, and cover them with the earth; but 
although this has a clean appearance, and sometimes will answer 
very well, the buds will be more liable to receive injury in thb way, 
than when covered with light litter as abovei 
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