54 fHE NURSERY. Pan. 
also be placed in rows four feet asunder, and eighteen inches distance 
in the rows; varying the distance both ways according to the time 
they are to stand: the shrub kind should likewise be arranged in 
rows about two feet asunder, and fifteen or eighteen inches distant in 
each line; and as to herbaceous plants, they should generally be 
disposed in four-feet-wide beds, or large borders, in rows, or dis- 
tances from six to twelve or eighteen inches asunder, according to 
their nature of growth, and the time they are to stand. 
By the above arrangement of the various sorts of hardy trees, 
shrubs, and herbaceous plants, in rows at those small distances in 
the Nursery, a great nuiiiber of plants are contained within a nar- 
row compass, which is sufficient room, as they are only to remain 
a short time; and that by being thus stationed in a little compass, 
they are more readily kept under a proper regulation for the time 
they are to remain in this department. 
But in the public Nurseries, they often plant many kinds of seed- 
ling trees and shrubs in much closer rows at first planting out, than 
the distances above prescribed, not only in order to husband the 
ground to the best advantage, but by standing closer, it encourages 
the stem to shoot more directly upward, and prevents them expanding 
themselves much any where but at top; as for instance, many sorts 
of ever-greens that are but of slow growth the first year or two, 
such as the pine-trees, firs, and several others; which the nursery- 
gardeners often prick out from the seminary, first into four-feet- 
wide beds, in rows lengthways, six inches asunder; and after hav- 
ing two years growth there, transplant them in rows a foot asun- 
der; and in two years after, give them another, and final trans- 
plantation, in the nursery, in rows three feet asunder, as observed 
above; and by these different transplaniir.gs, it will encourage the 
roots to branch out into many horizontal fibres, and prepare them 
better for final transplantation, which is the more particularly ne- 
cessary in several of the pine and fir kinds, and several other ever- 
greens. 
With respect to the different methods of planting the various 
sorts of nursery-plants, after being raised either by seed, layers, 
cuttings, &c. it is performed in several ways to different sorts; some 
are pricked out by dibble, especially small seedlings, others are put 
in by the spade, either by trenches, slitting-in, trenching, or holing; 
and some are drilled in by a spade or hoe. 
As to most of the tree and shrub-kind, sometimes the young 
seedling-trees and shrubs are pricked out from the seminary by 
dibble; sometimes they are put in by the spade in the following me- 
thod; first, having set a line to plant by, strike the spade into the 
ground with its back close to the line, and give another stroke at 
right angles with it: then set a plant into the crevice made at the 
second stroke, bring it close up into the first made crevice even with 
the line, and press the mould close to it with the foot; then pro- 
ceed to plant another in the same way, and so proceed till all are 
planted. A second method is for plants with rather larger roots: 
strike the spade down with its back close to the line, as aforesaid, 
