Oct.] the NURSERY. 533 
Towards the latter end of the month take off such layers of the 
preceding year as are well rooted, trim their stems, and plant 
them in nursery-rows, or elsewhere as may be necessary. 
This is the best season to lay elms, limes, maples, and most kinds 
of hardy forest-trees, and flowering-shrubs; for the moisture of the 
ground during winter will prepare them for pushing out roots 
early in the spring. 
Propagating Trees and Shrubs by Cuttings, 
This is a proper time to plant cuttings of all hardy trees and 
shrubs, that will grow by that method, especially in the southern 
states; but it will be necessary to plant them where water does not 
lodge in winter. Poplars, willows, plane-trees, honeysuckles, &c. 
will grow freely in this way; but for more particulars, see page 290. 
Cuttings of all sorts planted a year ago, or last spring, that are 
well rooted and have shot freely at top, may, towards the latler end 
of this month, be transplanted, if necessary, into open nursery-rows, 
to advance in growth and to have occasional training for the pur- 
poses intended. 
Sowing Haw and Holly Berries, Sfc. 
In the southern states you may any time in this, or the three 
ensuing months, if the ground is open, sow haw, holly, yew, and 
mezerion berries, ash, hornbeam, and any other kind of seeds that 
require a years previous preparation; but in the middle states, I 
would recommend to defer the sowing of these till the latter end 
of February, or very early in March, and in the eastern states, 
as soon in the latter month as possible. Indeed it would not be 
wrong to defer the sowing of them, even in the southern states, 
till January or February, according to the respective climates, 
always endeavouring to sow them before they begin to vegetate. 
Observe that each kind has undergone a full year's preparation, 
previous to sowing, as directed in the jYursery for February, and 
March, where you will find ample instructions, for the cultivation 
of these and many other kinds of trees and shrubs, and which I 
would particularly recommend to your perusal at this time. 
Sowing Oak Acorns, Chesniits, Wahiuts, Hickory-nuts, ^c. 
The best season in the year for sowing the acorns of every kind 
of oak, is immediately after they fall from the trees; for when kept 
up much longer, especially in a dry state, they lose their vegetative 
power. 
The only evils they have to encounter by sowing them at this 
season are, the depredations of mice, rats, and squirrels, &c. if these 
animals can be caught, poisoned, or kept off by any means that 
may be devised, the seeds should be sown immediately; but if not, 
it will be better to preserve them till the early spring months, in 
sand or earth, or in moss, and although they will soon sprout, their 
progress in vegetation before the opening of spring, will not be such 
