43 
IX. TI0LACEA5. 
[ Viola. 
4. H. vulgdre Gaert. ( common R .) ; shrubby procumbent, 
leaves with stipules opposite ovate or oblong nearly flat green 
above, racemes solitary terminal bracteate, pedicels elongated 
deflexed in fruit, style bent at the base somewhat clavate at 
the apex, seeds black. ^Cistus Helianthemum L. : E. B. 1. 1321. 
C. tomentosus, E. B. t. 2208. C. Surrejanus L., (petals lanceo- 
late often cut): E. B. t. 2207. 
Frequent in dry pastures, especially in a chalky or gravelly soil, 
11. 7—9. 
5. If. polifolium Pers. ( white R.) ; shrubby procumbent 
hoary, leaves with stipules opposite ovato- oblong or oblong-linear 
more or less revolute at the edge, racemes solitary terminal 
bracteate, pedicels elongated and deflexed in fruit, style bent 
at the base somewhat clavate at the apex, seeds black. H. 
Apenninum DC. Cistus A.: E. B. t. 1322. 
Rare ; in the south of England. Brean downs, Somersetshire ; 
Torquay and Babbicombe, Devonshire. U 7,8. — Flowers white. 
In gardens all intermediate states may be observed between this and 
the last, of which, with about 50 other supposed species, it is probably 
a mere variety. 
Ord. IX. VIOLACE2E Be Cand. 
Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, unequal and the lower one 
spurred at the base, or sometimes equal. Stamens 5. Anthers 
generally with a dilated appendage at their extremity ; 2 of 
them (in the genera with irregular flowers) usually appendicu- 
late at the base. Ovary 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentas, 
bearing several seeds. Style 1. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved, 
bearing the seeds along the middle of each valve. Embryo 
straight, about as long as the copious fleshy albumen. — Herbs or 
shrubs, with stipuled leaves , and powerful emetic and purgative 
roots ; as Viola Ipecacuanha, lonidium parviflorum (which has 
been satisfactorily ascertained to be the famous “Cuychun- 
chulli ” or lonidium Marcucii of Dr. Bancroft), &c. 
Viola Linn. Violet. 
Cal. of 5 sepals extended at the base. Pet. 5, unequal, the 
under one spurred at the base. Anthers connate, 2 of them 
spurred behind. — Name of Celtic origin; in modern Gaelic 
fail signifies a smell, fail-chuach a violet. 
* Stem scarcely any, or creeping. 
\ Stigma fiat above, peduncles of fruit erect. 
1. V. paliistris L. ( Marsh V.)\ creeping underground, gla- 
brous, leaves cordate or reniform veiny beneath, sepals obtuse, 
