48 
IX. VIOLACE.E. 
[ Viola. 
numerous ascending simple, leaves broadly cordate more or 
less acute, stipules ciliato-dentate, sepals acuminate. E. E. 
t. 620. V. sylvatica Fries. V. flavicornis Forster in E. B. S. 
t. 2736. 
Woods, banks, and dry pastures, frequent, also in clefts of rocks at 
a considerable elevation. It . 4 — 8. — Variable in regard to size. In 
mountainous situations the blossoms are often numerous, and large 
in proportion to the size of the plant. Flowers scentless, blue, purple, 
or sometimes almost white. Bractenle s subulate and entire in this and 
the following species. The whole plant is usually glabrous, but 
sometimes the flowering stems have a minute deflexed pubescence. 
In this and the next the fruit is sometimes produced on flowers, from 
which the corolla had been absent. 
5. V. pumila Vill. ( Dillenius ' V .) ; primary and lateral stems 
elongated llower-bearing, leaves ovate or oblong or lanceolate 
usually cordate at the base, stipules more or less toothed or 
serrate, sepals acuminate, “anther-spurs three times as long 
as broad.” V. canina Fries , Bab. — a. leaves cordate at the 
base, stipules ciliate or toothed. V. flavicornis Sm. — ft. leaves 
ovato-lanceolate rounded at the base, stipules inciso-serrate. 
V. lactea Sm. E. B. t. 445. V. lancifolia Thore. 
Heathy, dry, or sandy places, perhaps not uncommon. — fl. Tun- 
bridge Wells, Buckland, Devonshire. TJ. 4-^8. — According to 
Mr. Babington, V. pumila of Villars has a “ rhizomatous” root, 
and the present one, has not ; but it accords perfectly with what we 
possess from De Gingins, and which he had compared with Villars’ 
specimens while describing the Violacere for De Candolle’s Prodromus. 
Whatever appellation, however, be ultimately applied to it, it cannot 
receive that of canina, as proposed by Fries and his followers, since it 
is not the dog-violet of England ; a name which Linnaeus took from 
Gerard, and merely converted into Latin ; in such a case we must 
look to the origin of the name, not to what Linnaeus may have sup- 
posed to be so. Generally smaller than the last species, and quite 
glabrous or most minutely pubescent. Flowers paler, sometimes 
white. Mr. Bentbam, however, unites both this and the next to V. 
canina. 
6. V. stagnina Kit. ( Haller's V .) ; primary and lateral stems 
flower-bearing andelongated, leaves ovato-lanceolate subcordate 
at the base, petioles winged towards the top, stipules inciso- 
serrate, sepals acuminate, anther-spurs H — 2 times longer 
than broad, spur of corolla very short, “rhizome slender.” V. 
stricta Horn.: Bab. in Ann. N. H. Jan. 1852, p. 13. V. lactea 
Brit. FI. ed. 6. 
Bogs and fens, rare. Bottisham Fen, Cambridgeshire, Lincoln- 
shire, Sussex, Cornwall; also in Ireland. If. 5, 6. — This is un- 
questionably the only species we had in view as V. lactea in the sixth 
edition ; it is almost the only one which we have received as such 
from British collectors ; and it is, we conceive, that intended by V. 
