IX. VIOLACErE. 
49 
Viola.'] 
lactea by Swiss botanists, and united to V.montana by Gingins If we 
understand correctly what is meant by “rhizome slender,” there ought 
to be a subterranean creeping stem as in V. palustris, but our specimens 
scarcely show a greater difference in that respect between this and 
the last species, than may be caused by the soil : the length of the 
anther-spurs is dependent on that of the spur of the corolla. A small 
plant in the wild state, sometimes a foot high when cultivated, having 
usually several flowering simple branches from near the root ; these 
seem scarcely so persistent as in the last species, from which it may 
not be really distinct. Leases almost lanceolate and narrower, usually 
attenuated at the base, but sometimes cordate. Stipules usually 
much shorter than the petiole. Stigma very slightly curved, almost 
clavate and quite smooth, without any horizontal beak, the orifice 
oblique and very large. Flowers pale blue or almost white. 
ff Stigma large, capitate, style clavate. 
7. V. tricolor L. ( Pansy V. or Heart's Ease ) ; root annual or 
fusiform, stem angled branched, leaves oblong deeply crenate, 
stipules lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe crenate, spur of the 
corolla about as long as the produced base of the calyx, “ anther- 
cells diverging at the base.” — a. petals longer than the calyx. 
E. B. t. 1287. V. Curtisii Forst. in E. B. S. t. 2693. — 
p. petals shorter than the calyx. Y. arvensis Murr.: E. B. S. 
t. 2712. 
Banks and cultivated fields, frequent. 0. Corn-fields. Q, <?,o r 2) 
(perhaps only when cultivated). FI. the whole summer. — Extremely 
variable, especially in the size and colour of its flowers, yellow in 
V. Curtisii of Forster, which we certainly consider belongs to this 
and not to V. lutea. Stigma, in this and the following species, large, 
capitate, obliquely perforated. 
8. V. lutea Huds. (yellow Mountain V., or yellow Pansy)-, 
perennial diffuse and filiform below-ground, stem branched and 
very slender at the base, leaves oblong-ovate or ovate crenate, 
stipules subpalmato-pinnatifid, terminal lobe entire, spur of 
the corolla about as long as the produced base of the calyx, 
“anther-cells nearly parallel.” — a. petals all yellow or the two 
upper purple. E. B. t. 721.— jd. petals all purple. Y. amoena 
Sym. 
Mountainous pastures. Frequent in Wales, the north of England, 
and Scotland ; a and 0 often growing together, fl. 5 — 9. — Under- 
ground stems or branches resembling long thread-like roots ; true stems 
also slender, but particularly so at the base ; both very different from 
what we have always seen in V. tricolor, and by which this species is 
in some cases only to be distinguished. The flowers are generally of a 
pale yellow or sulphur colour, much larger than is usual in wild states 
of V. tricolor. 
D 
