122 
XXVII. ROSACEjE : liOSE/E. 
[. Rubus . 
of fruit usually sessile, with the upper joint of the awn hairy but 
shorter than the lower one, and the stipules round and toothed ; but 
it varies in these respects, sometimes resembling the one parent more 
than the other. 
** Ovule nearly opposite to the base of the style, radicle superior. 
5. Rubus Linn. Bramble. Raspberry. 
Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Style short subterminal. Ovule sus- 
pended. Fruit superior of several single-seeded juicy drupes, 
placed upon a protuberant spongy receptacle. — Name from the 
Celtic real), to tear or lacerate ; on account of the prickly stems 
of the true Brambles. 
[The species of our division B. form the true Brambles, and have 
long puzzled Botanists. Some unite all into one species ; some are 
of opinion that we possess thirty-six species in Britain alone, besides 
many varieties esteemed by others equally distinct. In the British 
Flora, 3rd, 4th, and 5th editions, Mr. Borrer described ten species, but 
further observations rendered it necessary either to reduce these or to 
add many more. In the fith and 7th editions, we followed the former 
course, and admitted only seven ; these seven we propose still to 
retain, but intermediate forms have now been obtained between R. 
fruticosus and carpinifolius , as also between R. corylifolius and R. 
cwsius, so the whole might be advantageously reduced to five. These 
five would then accord with the four sections into which Mr. Babing- 
ton has now divided the group. We formerly gave a sketch of the 
species by Dr. T. Bell Salter, but as his sections did not coincide 
with our species, and were so defined as frequently' to include varie- 
ties of species arranged in another section, we shall at the close of this 
genus give the species adopted by Mr. Babington.] 
A. Leaves pinnate (or ternate'). Stem 1 nearly erect, biennial, woody, 
accompanied with suckers. 
1. R. idce'us L. ( common R.) ; leaves pinnate with 5 or 3 
leaflets with close white down underneath, foot-stalks chan- 
neled, stems nearly erect downy prickly not rooting, flowers 
drooping, petals as short as the calyx, ripe fruit separating 
readily from the receptacle. E. B. t. 2442. R. Leesii Bab. ? 
Woods, especially in the north. b- 6> 7. — Stems of two kinds: 
one is upright, which the first year produces only leaves, but in the 
second bears fruit and dies; the other is surculose and quite below 
ground, bearing no leaves, and roots at the extremity, thus forming 
new plants. Leaflets somewhat cut and serrated. Fruit scarlet in a 
wild state. 
I By stem is meant the barren root-shoot ; and the prickles and leaves, when not 
otherwise mentioned, are those upon that shoot. Both here and in the genus 
Rosa, set# are hairs or bristles that aie glandular at the apex ; acicuhe are straight 
rigid hairs without glands, or slender prickles : in some species a gradual transition 
may be observed from t he one extreme to the other, thus reducing the value of 
any character obtained from them. The form, texture, incision, petiolation, and 
overlapping of the leaflets and the form of the inflorescence are, in our opinion, too 
variable to be used for distinguishing the species. All the true Brambles are, we 
