140 
xxvii. rosacea: posies. [ Crated gus . 
Hedges, in Cheshire and Sussex. Bidborough, Kent. Red-hill, 
Surrey ; and, in its wild thorny state, in a hedge, between Reigate 
and Nutfield. Jersey. h- 5, 6. 
16. Crat.e'gus Linn. Hawthorn. 
Cal. segments short, acute. Pet. large, roundish. Styles 1 — 5. 
Fruit oval or round, concealing the upper end of the cells, which 
are bony. Lindl. — Named from rparoc, strength ; in allusion to 
the extreme hardness of the wood. 
1. C. Oxyacdntha L. ( Hawthorn , White-thorn, or May) ; spiny, 
leaves glabrous cut into 3 or 5 deeply serrate segments cuneate 
at the base, flowers corymbose, calyx not glandular, styles 1 — 3. 
Mespilus Sm. : E. B. t. 2504. C. monogyna Jacq. 
Woods and hedges. Tj . 5, 6. — Variable in the form of its leaves, 
in the downiness of the cal., and in the colour of the flower and fruit. 
17. Cotoneaster Lindl. Cotoneaster. 
Flowers polygamous. Cal. turbinate, with 5 short teeth. Pet 
5, small, erect. Siam, erect, the length of the teeth of the cal- 
Fruit turbinate, with its nuts adhering to the inside of the cal.* 
but not cohering in the centre. — Named from cotoneum (ku- 
cuviov, Gr.), the quince. 
1 . C. vulgaris Lindl. ( common C.) ; leaves oval, calyx gla- 
brous except at the margin, peduncles slightly downy. E. B. S. 
t. 2713. 
Limestone cliffs at Ormeshead, Caernarvonshire. Tj . 5, 6. 
18. Pvbus Linn. Pear. Apple. Service. 
Cal. of 5 small segments. Pet. 5, large, roundish. Styles 2 — 5. 
Fruit fleshy, with 5 cartilaginous or coriaceous 2-seeded cells. 
— Name derived from the Celtic peren, or Gaelic peur, a pear ; 
but more immediately, on account of its shape, from wo, flame ; 
which, as well as the origin of fir- tree, may arise from the an- 
cient polyglot vocable ar, er, or, or ur, denoting light or flame. 
1. P .communis L. ( wild P.) ; leaves simple ovate serrate, 
peduncles corymbose, fruit turbinate, styles distinct. E. B. 
t. 1784. 
Woods and hedges. T? . 4, 5. — Origin of our Pear. 
2. P. Mdlus L. ( Crab A.) ; leaves ovate acute serrate, flowers 
in a sessile umbel, styles combined below, fruit globose. E. B. 
t. 179. 
Woods and hedges. 1 j . 5. — Fruit austere, of which verjuice is 
made. — Origin of our Apple, a word derived from the Celtic ball, a 
round body ; whence also abhall in Gaelic, and apfel in German. 
