188 XXXVIII. UMBELLIFER.-E. [ ToHlis. 
** Prickles of the secondary ribs in 2 — 3 rows similar to those of the 
others. Turgenia. 
2. C. *latifolia L. ( great B.) ; hispid, leaves pinnate, leaflets 
decurrent pinnatifid and serrate, leaves of the involucres ovate 
membranous, prickles on the fruit all retrorsely scabrous.. 
E. B. t. 198. Turgenia Koch. 
Fields in a chalky soil, rare. Formerly abundant in Cambridge- 
shire, but now extinct there. ©. 7. — A very striking plant, and 
entirely different from the preceding. Leaves broad for this tribe 
of Umbelliferee, and comparatively little divided. General and partial 
umbels with about 3 — 5 rays, and about as many leaves to the invo- 
lucre. Flowers rose-coloured, large; fruit large, and abundantly 
aculeate. 
39. Tori r.is Adans. Hedge-Parsley. (Tab. III. f. 39.) 
Fruit slightly laterally compressed. Carpels with 3 dorsal 
inconspicuous bristly ribs, and 2 on the inner face of the car- 
pels ; the interstices scarcely prominent, clothed with prickles, 
each with a single vitta. Albumen furrowed. Pet. obcordate, 
outer ones radiant. (Partial involucre of many leaves.) — Name 
of doubtful origin, perhaps, as Smith suggests, from roptw, to 
carve, or emboss ; in allusion to the appearance of the fruit. 
1 . T. Anthriscus Gasrtn. ( upright H.) ; stem erect branched, 
leaves bipinnate, leaflets lanceolate inciso-serrate attenuate, 
umbels stalked terminal, involucres of many small subulate 
leaves. Caucalis Huds. : E. B. t. 987. 
Hedges and waste places. Q. 7 — 9. — Stems 2 — 3 ft. high. 
Fruit densely clothed with incurved, but not hooked, scabrous bristles. 
2. T. infesta Spr. ( spreading H.) ; leaves bipinnate, leaflets 
ovate inciso-pinnatifid serrate, umbels stalked terminal, general 
involucre wanting or of one, partial of few subulate leaves. 
Caucalis Curt.: E. B.t. 1314. 
Fields and way-sides common. 0. 7 — 9. — Fruit with straight 
adpressed bristles on the primary ridges, and retrorsely scabrous 
spreading hooked ones on the interstices. 
3. T. nodosa Giertn. ( knotted H.) ; stem prostrate, umbels 
lateral simple subsessile, fruit sometimes warted. Caucalis 
Huds. : E. B. t. 199. 
Waste places by road-sides, frequent ; especially in dry, gravelly, 
or chalky soils. ©. 5 — 7. — Leaves bipinnate; leaflets ovate, pin- 
natifid, segments linear, acute, short. Umbels capitate, opposite the 
base of a leaf. Flowers reddish. Outer fruits of the umbel most 
bristly ; inner ones partially tubercled. In this species the umbel is 
as simple as in the first section of the Order. 
