190 
XL. CORNACEA3. 
\_Hedera. 
terminal, with a head of 4 verticillate flowers and a fifth terminal one. 
Stamens united in pairs; or they may he considered as 4 — 5 forked 
stamens, each division terminated by the single cell of an anther, and all 
springing from a fleshy ring that surrounds the upper part of the 
germen. 
2. Hedera Linn. Ivy. 
Cal. of 5 teeth. Pet. 5, distinct, broadest at the base. Stam. 
5 — 10. Style simple, or 5 — 10 more or less combined. Berry 
with 3 — 10 seeds crowned bv the calyx. — Name supposed to be 
from tSpa, a seat; from its clinging to or sitting upon old walls, 
&c. 
1. H. Helix L. ( common I.) ; leaves coriaceous ovate or 
cordate and 3 — 5-lobed, lobes angular, umbel simple pubescent 
erect. E. B. t. 1267. 
Hedges, woods, old buildings, or rocks and trunks of trees, fre- 
quent. h . 10, 11. — Stems very long throwing out numerous 
fibres, by which they adhere to hard substances. Leaves very shining 
dark green, often veined with whitish lines. Flowers small, pale-green. 
Cal.-teeth extremely minute. Pet. reflexed. Berries smooth and 
black. 
Ori>. XL. CORNACEiE Be Cand. 
Calyx-tube adnate with the ovary ; limb 4 — 5-toothed and 
minute, or 4—5 -lobed and valvate in aestivation. Pet. 4, broad 
at the base ; (estivation valvular. Stamens 4, inserted with the 
petals, alternate with them. Style filiform. Stigma simple. 
Ovary usually 2-celled : ovules solitary, pendulous. Drupe 
with a 1 — 2-celled nucleus. Seeds with a fleshy albumen , and 
an embryo nearly its length. — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. 
Leaves ( except in one species') opposite , and as well as the 
fruit, beset with adpressed hairs attached by the middle. Bark 
tonic. 
1. Cornus Linn. Cornel. Dogwood. 
Cal. of 4 teeth. Petals 4, superior. Stam. 4. Nut of the 
drupe with 2 cells and 2 seeds. — Named from cornu ( keren in 
Hebrew), a horn; owing to the hard nature of the wood, of 
which javelins were made. 
1. C. sanguinea L. (wild C. or D.) ; arborescent, branches 
straight, leaves opposite ovate green on both sides, cymes flat 
destitute of involucre. E. B. t. 249. 
Woods and thickets, particularly on a chalk or limestone soil ; 
scarcely wild in Scotland. h . 6. 7, — Stem 5 — 6 ft. high. Bark 
in the older brunches dark red, as are the leaves before they fall ; 
these are strongly nerved, entire, slightly hairy beneath. Cymes of 
numerous white flowers at the ends of the branches. 
