193 
Galium. xliii. rublacea:. 
1. R. peregrma L. (wild M.) ; leaves 4 — 6 in a whorl elliptic 
or lanceolate persistent glossy, the margin and keel rough with 
reflexed prickles, corolla rotate 5-cleft. E. B. t. 851. 
Stony and sandy ground in the south-west of England. Isle of 
Wight. Anglesea. 'if.. 6 — 8. 
2. Galium Linn. Bed-straw. 
Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Siam. 4. Fruit a dry, 2-lobed, inde- 
hiscent pericarp, without any distinct margin to the calyx. — 
Named from ya\a, milk; the plant having been used to curdle 
milk. 
* Root perennial. Flowers yellow. Fruit glabrous. 
1. G. verum L. (yellow B .) ; leaves about 8 in a whorl linear 
with revolute margins grooved above, downy beneath, flowers 
in dense panicles. E. B. t. 660. 
Dry banks, sandy places, and sea-shores, common, if.. 6 — 9. — 
Readily distinguished by its yellow flowers and linear deflexed leaves. 
According to Lightfoot the inhabitants of some of the Western Isles 
employ the roots, and principally the bark of them, to dye red ; hence 
the name for the plant ruadh or ruddy. 
2. G. crucidtum With. (Cross-wort B., or Mug-wort ) ; leaves 
4 in a whorl ovate 3-nerved hairy, flowers polygamous in small 
axillary corymbs, peduncles 2-leaved. E. B. t. 143. 
Hedge-banks and thickets, common. if.. 4 — 6. — Lateral flowers 
of each corymb mostly male, fertile ones often 5-cleft ; fruitstalhs 
deflexed. 
** Root perennial. Flowers white. Fruit glabrous. 
3. G. saxdtile L. (smooth Heath B.) ; leaves about 6 (6 — 8) 
in a whorl obovate or linear mucronate, stem much branched 
smooth usually prostrate, panicles corymbose small, pedicles 
erecto-patent, petals slightly acute, fruit more or less granu- 
lated. — a. midrib of leaves slender. E. B. t. 815. — ^3. midrib 
of leaves thick and prominent. G. montanum Bab. — y. leaves 
narrower, midrib broad not prominent. G. commutatum Jord. 
Heathy spots and hilly and mountainous pastures, abundant. — /3. 
Settle. — y. Teesdale. it. 6 — 8. — Plant generally turning nearly 
black (/8. remains green) in drying, usually small, but occasionally 
growing among grass and rushes in swampy places, and then almost 
a foot high and sometimes mistaken for G. uliginosum. Leaves often 
rough at the margins, of a thickish and rather soft texture. 
4. G. pusillum L. ( least Mountain B.) ; leaves about 8 in a 
whorl linear-lanceolate hair-pointed entire lower ones somewhat 
hairy, stem spreading without prickles, panicles terminal few- 
