Asperula.~\ xliv. valerian acete. 199 
an involucre to a small sessile umbel of pale blue flowers. Cal. of 4 seg- 
ments, two opposite ones bifid; these bifid ones correspond to the line 
where the fruit divides into two 1 -seeded portions, each of which is 
crowned with 3 teeth, one being the single tooth or segment of the 
cal., the other two, each half of a double one. 
4. Asperula Linn. Woodruff. 
Cor. funnel-shaped. Stam. 4. Fruit dry, without any dis- 
tinct margin to the cal. — Named from asper, rough; owing to 
the roughness of some species of the genus. 
1. A. odordta L. {sweet W.) ; leaves G — 8 in a whorl lan- 
ceolate. flowers panieled on long stalks, fruit hispid, E. B. 
t. 755. 
Woods and shady places, plentiful. If. 5, G — About G inches 
high, erect. Flowers white. Whole plant very fragrant, like An - 
thoxanthum , especially when drying. 
2. A. Cyndnchica L. {small IF, or Squinancy-wort ) ; leaves 
linear 4 in a whorl very irregular in the uppermost whorls, 
flowers corymbose, corolla scabrous, fruit granulated scabrous. 
E. B. t. 33. 
Warm banks, especially in chalky countries. Limestone rocks, 
Swansea, S. Wales. Not found in Scotland. It. G, 7 . — Flowers 
generally lilac. One pair of the leaves in the uppermost whorl is 
reduced to small lanceolate stipules. 
3. A. * arvensis L. {Field IF) ; annual, leaves 6—10 in a 
whorl linear-lanceolate obtuse, flowers aggregate terminal sur- 
rounded by long ciliated bracteas, fruit glabrous. E. B. S. 
t. 2792. 
Near Devonport, now extinct. Q. 6. — Flowers bright blue. 
Fruit large and very conspicuous. 
\_A. Taurina L. is mentioned as naturalized in Leicestershire and 
W estmoreland. ] 
Ord. XLIV. VALERIAN ACE/E Juss. 
Calyx-tube adnate with the ovary ; the limb toothed, or a 
thickened margin at the top of the ovary, at length unfolding 
into a feathery pappus. Corolla with 3 — 6 lobes. Ovary with 
1 perfect cell and often 2 or 3 abortive ones. Fruit dry, inde- 
hiscent, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous. — Leaves opposite, without 
stipules. — Tonic and bitter herbs ; the roots, used as vermifuges, 
have a powerful scent; those of Nardostachys Jatamansi con- 
stitute the spikenard of the ancients. 
1. Centranthus. Stam. 1. Cor. spurred. Fruit with a feathery pappus. 
2. Valeriana. Stam. 3. Cor. gibbous. Fruit with a feathery pappus. 
3. Fedia. Stam. 3. Cor. gibbous. Fruit crowned with unequal teeth. 
