XLVI. COMPOSITE. 
205 
(compound flower, L.) inserted upon a broad receptacle ( which 
is either furnished with chaffy scales or naked) and surrounded 
by an involucre (calyx Z.). 1 The properties in so extensive 
an Order are very varied ; but, generally speaking, those of — 
Tribe 1. Cichorace^;, are bitter and narcotic, abounding in 
milky juice. — Tribe 2. CvNARocEPHALiE, bitter and tonic. — 
Tribe 3. Cortmbifer^e, aromatic, stimulant, containing bitter 
principle and essential oil. 
I. Florets all ligulate and perfect. Cichorace-E. 
* Pappus of all, or of the central florets, plumose. 
I Receptacles naked. 
1. Tragopogon. Involucre single of 8 — 10 connected scales. 
2. Helminthia. Involucre with external foliaceous scales. Achenes 
beaked. 
3. Picris. Involucre with external small scales. Achenes scarcely 
beaked. 
4. Apargla. Involucre unequally imbricated. Pappus of all the 
achenes plumose. 
5. Thrincia. Involucre unequally imbricated. Pappus of outer 
achenes short and scaly. 
ft Receptacles with chaffy scales. 
6. Hvpochceris. Involucre unequally imbricated. 
** Pappus pilose, filiform. 
f Achenes much compressed. Involucre of fruit erect. 
7. Laotuca. Beak of achenes filiform. Pappus very soft and flaccid. 
Invol. few-flowered. 
8. Mdlgedium. Beak very short, constricted between the achene and 
the disk. Pappus stiff and brittle. Involucre many-flowered. 
9. Sonchus. Beak 0. Pappus very soft and flaccid. Invol. many- 
flowered. 
ft Achenes nearly terete, or angled at the base. 
10. Crepis. Pappus nearly white, soft, deciduous. Achenes without a 
beak, or with a very short one, longitudinally striate. 
11. Borkhausia. Pappus white, soft, deciduous. Achenes terete. Beak 
long. Involucre of fruit oval, erect, ribbed and furrowed. 
1 When all the florets are perfect (containing both anthers with pollen and a 
fertile pistillum), the heads are said to be homogamuus (as in Lrontodun, Carituus, 
and Diotis ) ; when some only of the florets are perfect, the heads are heterogamous 
(as in Ceniuurea Cyanus, Gnaphalium, and Beilis) ; when all the florets are alike, 
having either fertile stamens, or a fertile pistillum, but not both, the heads are 
dicccious , and then they may be on the same individual (as in Xanthium), or on 
different ones (as in Antcnnaria ), the genus or species being itself moncecious 
or dicccious; when some of the florets in a head have fertile stamens, but not a fer- 
tile pistillum in the disk, while those of the circumference have a fertile pistillum, 
the heads are said to be moncecious; and when the heads are monoecious, and one 
individual bears heads with numerous staminate and few pistillate florets, and 
another numerous pistillate and lew staminate llore,ts, the genus is said to be sub- 
dicccious { Petasites ). When all the florets are similar in colour, they are said to be 
homochromous (as in Sol ids go. and Inula ) ; when the ray is of a different colour 
from the disk, they are heterochromous (as in Beilis). 
