206 
XL VI. COMPOSITE. 
12. Leontodon. Pappus white, soft, deciduous. Achenes sub-compressed. 
Beak long. Invol. of fruit reflexed. 
13. Hieracium. Pappus brown, brittle. Beak 0. 
*** Pappus neither filiform nor plumose. Receptacle naked. 
14. Lapsana. Pappus none, or a mere rim to the achene. 
15. Cichorium. Pappus of all the florets of erect scales. 
II. Florets all tubular, homogamous, or those of the ray neuter. 
Style swollen below its branches. Cynarocf.phaLzE. 
* Scales of the involucre with a hooked point. Achenes glabrous. 
16. Arctium. Anthers with 2 bristles at the base ; appendages filiform, 
** Scales of the involucre not hooked at the point. 
f Pappus of several rows conspicuously unequal ; inner row the longest, 
much longer than the glabrous achene. 
17. Serratula. Pappus pilose, hairs filiform. Anthers ecaudate at the 
base ; appendages obtuse. 
18. Saussurea. Inner pappus plumose, hairs thickened at the base. 
Anthers with 2 bristles at the base ; appendages long, acute. 
•ft Pappus equal, long ; hairs united at the base into a ring. Achenes 
glabrous. 
19. Carduus. Pappus pilose. Achenes compressed. Receptacle bristly. 
Anthers without bristles. 
20. Cxicus. Pappus plumose. Achenes compressed. Receptacle bristly. 
Anthers without bristles. 
21. Onopordum. Pappus pilose. Achenes 4-ribbed. Receptacle honey- 
combed. Anthers shortly caudate at the base. 
ttt Pappus single, long, plumose ; hairs unequally united at the base. 
Achenes silky. 
22. Carlin A. Inner scales of invol. long, coloured and radiating. An- 
thers bicaudate ; appendages long. 
fttt Pappus 0, or short ( equal to, or shorter than, the achenes'). 
23. Centaurea. Ray frequently without stamens or pistils. 
III. Florets of the same head all homogamous (and usually tubular) ; 
or those of the circumference filiform or tubular and pistillate, or 
ligulate. Style of the perfect florets not swollen below its branches. 
Corymbifer.e. 
1. All the florets with corollas. Involucre not prickly. 
* Pappus of 2 — 5 persistent aivns. 
24. Bidens. Receptacle with scales. Achenes compressed or angular. 
** Pappus 0, or a mere border, or of short teeth or scales only. 
f Receptacle with scales. Pappus 0. 
45. Anthemis. Heads heterogamous, with a ray. Florets of the ray 
oblong-linear. Achenes terete, or obscurely angled. 
