212 XLVI. COMPOSITE: cichoracep. [ Mulgedium . 
ered, its scales with a membranous margin. — Named from lac , 
milk ; which flows from this and many plants of the tribe, when 
broken. 
* Beak of achenes elongated (white'). Keel of leaves prickly. 
1. L. virosa L. (strong-scented Z.); leaves patent oblong 
toothed or sinuate two-eared and amplexicaul at the base, 
flowers panicled, beak as long as the (black) achene. E. B. 
t. 1957. 
Banks and way-sides, especially in a chalky soil. Rare in Scot- 
land; about Edinburgh, Dunkeld, Coldstream, Melrose, and Stirling 
Castle. <J. 7, 8. — Stems 3 — 4 feet high, erect, prickly, with 
distant leaves. Root-leaves obovate, numerous. — The plant abounds 
with a milky fetid and narcotic juice, which is considered by some 
practitioners as a gentle and safe opiate. Flowers small, yellow. 
2. L. Scariola L. ( prickly L .) ; leaves nearly upright lanceo- 
late sagittate at the base sinuate ciliato-dentate, panicle leafy, 
beak as long as the (pale) achene. E. B. t. 268. 
Waste ground, rare. Cambridgeshire; Suffolk; Sussex and the 
southern counties. $ . 7,8. — Of milder quality and paler colour 
than the last, with more upright branches and leaves and pale achenes. 
The garden lettuce is L. sativa L., not a native. 
3. L. saligna L. (least L.) ; root-leaves lanceolate with few 
teeth, lower cauline ones pinnatilid, upper ones linear-lanceo- 
late entire sagittate, flowers lateral with small floral leaves, beak 
2 or 3 times as long as the fruit. E. B. t. 707. 
Chalky waste ground and salt-marshes, in the south-east of Eng- 
land. J. 7,8. — Whole plant slender ; branches twiggy ; the small 
flowers may be said to be almost spicate. 
** Beak short. Keel of leaves smooth. 
4. L. muralis Less. (Ivy-leaved Z.) ; florets 5, leaves lyrato- 
pinnatifid and toothed the terminal lobe angled, panicle with 
divaricated branches, beak much shorter than the (black) 
achene. Prenanthes L. : E. B. t. 457. 
On old walls and in woods. Q or £. 6 — 8. — Stem 2 ft. high, 
panicled above. Flowers small, yellow. 
8. Mulgedium Cass. Blue Sow-thistle. 
Achenes much compressed, constricted above the seed and 
terminated by a slightly dilated disk. Pappus brittle. Recept. 
naked. Invol. many-flowered, double : inner of one row of 
equal scales; outer of imbricated short lax ones. — Named from 
mulgeo, to milk; on account of the milky juice. 
1 . M. alpbium Less, (alpine B.) ; flower-stalks racemose and 
bracteas and involucre glandular-hispid, stems glabrous below, 
