Hier & cium .'] xlvi. composite: cichoraceje. 219 
Elevated rocky mountains in Scotland. — j3. also in Cumberland. 
y. 7, 8 Stem from 4 inches to more than a foot high, simple in 
our wild specimens, and according to Mr. Backhouse never branching 
in cultivation, sometimes naked sometimes with a single leaf, and 
occasionally with several leaves. Radical leaves varying from lanceo- 
late to ovato-lanceolate, ovato-spathulate, lanceolate-spathulate, and 
linear-lanceolate ; in a. acute or obtuse, entire denticulate or with 
large teeth ; in fl. obtuse and entire. 
4. H. eximium Backh. ( gray-headed //.) ; green, stem one- or 
few-headed and one- or few-leaved floccose hairy, leaves hairy, 
radical ones lanceolate or ovato-spathulate stalked usually 
sharply toothed hairy on both sides, upper ones small sessile, 
heads in bud slightly drooping, involucre rounded or truncate 
at the base loosely imbricate, its scales linear attenuate acute 
and as well as the peduncles clothed with grey black-based hairs 
and many black set®, ligules hairy externally pilose at the apex. 
H. melanocephalum Backli. in Brit. FI. ed. 7 (not of Tausch). 
— a. radical leaves more or less lanceolate acute, styles livid or 
yellow. H. villosum E. B. t. 2379 (not Linn.'). H. eximium 
Backh. — ,8. radical leaves ovate or ovato-spathulate obtuse, 
styles livid. H. calenduliflorum Backh. 
Elevated rocky mountains in Scotland. 7J.. 7,8 . — Stem usually 
simple, hut often becoming branched when cultivated. Leaves some- 
times almost laciniate. The involucre has narrower scales than in 
the last, and is usually clothed with more copious black seta;. This spe- 
cies has so many characters in common with H. alpinum, and so few 
points of absolute difference, and these of no organic importance, that 
botanists will not err much in uniting them : indeed, of Mr. Back- 
house’s H. eximium (our var. a.) there is a form with yellow styles, 
which is in that respect intermediate between the two, hut which on 
that account will ere long be admitted by many to rank as a species. 
We regret that Mr. Backhouse has changed the specific name; as 
Tausch’s plant proves to be II. alpinum , the name of melanocephalum 
was unoccupied. 
5. 1 H. gracilcntum Backb. ( slender H ) ; “ green, stem with 2-4 
leaves one- or few-headed with short hairs floccose setose, radi- 
cal leaves lanceolate or oblong spathulate subobtuse remotely 
1 Our species from H . gracilentum to H. Iricum are contained in Mr. Backhouse’s 
section Nigrescentia, of which we subjoin the characters, the chief distinction be- 
tween it and the preceding one consisting in the ligules being here much more 
glabrous externally. 
b. Involucre villous or hairy, in most of the species with dark hairs and setae, the 
scales adpressed or (usually only a few of the outermost) lax. Ligules sun- 
glabrous externally, shortly pilose or subglabrous at the apex. Nigrescentia. 
* “ Stem short , 1- or few-headed Bab. Petioles of radical leaves short, not shaggy. 
5. H. gracilentum Backh. ; involucre dark and velvety copiously setose, outer 
scales lax, inner ones broad acuminate, styles sublivid. 
6. H.g lobosum Backh.; involucre dark-green with smallyellow glands and almost 
no setae, scales adpressed linear attenuate, styles yellow. 
i. 2 
