Hieracium .'] xlvi. composite: cichoraceas. 223 
y. 7, 8. — This has the stem usually simple with one to three heads 
near the top, but there are much more luxuriant forms with the 
branches again forked. Leaves soft, sometimes minutely, sometimes 
very coarsely toothed, beneath sometimes furnished with stellate down, 
but often with scarcely any ; cauline ones often small, but sometimes 
as large as the radical ones ; when broad they are constricted below the 
middle, and again dilated at the base. Scales of the involucre, especially 
the inner ones, tine-pointed. 
12. H. l'ricum Fries ( Irish H.) ; glaucous green, stem leafy 
with scattered white hairs simple corymbose or forked at the 
top, radical leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute denticulate 
or dentate hairy beneath with shaggy winged short petioles, cau- 
line ones (3 — 6) broadly ovate (not constricted) fine-pointed all 
amplexicaul or with the lower ones narrowed to the base, involucre 
truncate at the base floccose hairy its scales broad (outer ones 
bluntish) erect in bud, ligules glabrous or nearly so, styles livid. 
H. Lapeyrousii Fred.: E. B. S. t. 2906. 
Mountain districts of England, Ireland, and Scotland. Teesdale. 
Connemara ; Garron Head, Antrim. Braemar ; Grey Mare’s Tail, 
Dumfriesshire, y. 7, 8. — Leaves firm; cauline ones broadly ovate, 
decreasing in size upwards. Ligules glabrous in our specimens ; but, if 
El ies be correct, they are sometimes pilose at the apex. This may be 
a distiuct species from the last, and Mr. Backhouse says that when 
cultivated and raised from seed “all its distinctive characters are main- 
tained.” It is difficult, however, to see what these are. Usually the 
stem of this one is leafy and corymbose, but on exposed cliffs it occurs 
with one or two leaves and a solitary head. The cauline leaves here 
are never constricted, but they are' sometimes not so in II. cerinthoid.es ; 
in this last, however, the upper leaves are the least amplexicaul, in H. 
Iricum most so. In both the involucre becomes constricted at the base 
after flowering. 
13. 1 IT. pallidum Biv. (pale II.) ; very glaucous, stem glabrous 
1 From H. pallidum to H. sylvaticum belong to the Pallida of Backhouse. We 
give here his characters, but we do not ourselves see the limits between them and 
the Nigrescent in. or to which those specimens belong that have hairy involucres, 
adpressed scales, ligules glabrous externally and subglabrous at the apex. 
c. Involucre more or less hairy ; the scales adpressed. Ligules without hairs 
externally, nearly or quite glabrous at the apex. Pallida. 
* Styles yellow. 
t Leaves glaucous or pale. 
13. H. pallidum Biv. ; stem glabrous 0- to 2-leaved, radical leaves glabrous or 
coarsely ciliate, involucre ovate at the base, its scales acute. 
14. H. lasiophyllum Ilackh. ; stem brittle pilose 0- or 1-leaved, radical leaves 
coarsely pilose on both sides or underneath and on the margins, involucre 
subglobose, its scales acuminate or cuspidate. 
15. H. Gibsoni Backh. ; stem rigid subglabrous leafless, involucre truncate at the 
base, its scales broad obtuse. 
1G. H. argenlcum Fries ; stem brittle fistulose glabrous 1- to 3-leaved, invol. 
broadly ventricose at length truncate at the base, its scales subobtuse. 
ft Park green. 
47. H. nitidum Backh. : stem simple or subcorymhose at the top, peduncles spread- 
ing scaly rigid, involucre ventricose with black-based hairs and setae. 
L 4 
