228 
XLYI. COMPOSITE : CICHORACE.P. 
\Hieracium. 
— Whole plant covered with minute stellate down. Cauline leaves 
large, lower one frequently stalked with a winged slightly amplexi- 
caul petiole, upper nearly or quite sessile, or semi-amplexicaul. This 
we do not know, although we believe it to be only a form of H. 
sylvaticum. Fries says of his species (which may be different) that the 
scales of the involucre are erect in bud, as in H. murorum; Mr. 
Backhouse leaves us in the dark on that point ; while according to 
Mr. Babington they are inflexed, as in H. sylvaticum. 
22. H. sylvaticum Sm. ( Wood II.) ; green purplish or 
glaucous, stem usually with several leaves simple or branched 
upwards, paniculato-corymbose (sometimes with few heads 
and subcorymbose), leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate dentate 
about the middle or nearly entire somewhat hairy narrowed to 
the base radical ones stalked cauline stalked or sessile or sub- 
amplexicaul, peduncles straight floccose setose, involucre in 
bud cylindrical at length ovate or truncate at the base its scales 
broad equally alternate inflexed in bud, ligules glabrous, styles 
livid. II. vulgatum Fries. — a. vulgatum ; dull or pale green, 
cauline leaves lanceolate, involucre setose, the scales subacute. 
( — 1. leaves usually uniformly green or purplish or glaucous 
beneath, radical ones persistent till the period of flowering, 
peduncles ascending. E. B. t. 2031. — 2. leaves spotted with 
dark purple radical ones withering before the expansion of the 
flowers, peduncles divaricate. H. maculatum Sin. : E. B. 
t. 2121.)— ]8. cinereum; ashy-green or glaucous, involucre with 
few or no seta: or glands, the scales subobtuse. — y. rubescens ; 
green, stem purplish red, leaves ovate, involucre setose, the 
scales subacuminate. 
a. On the plains and mountains, in woods or on walls, banks and 
rocks; frequent. — 0. Great Ormeshead, Wales. — y. Giggleswick 
and Gordale Scars near Settle. 2). 7 — 9. — A most variable species; 
and when the specific character is drawn up to embrace all the forms, 
(for no one can be said to be the type more than another,) and when 
we reject from it what does not also apply to most of its allies, there 
is scarcely one infallible mark of distinction left. The evanescent 
radical leaves connect this with the two next species. 
23. 1 H. Gothicum Fries ( naked-headed II.) ; dark green, stem 
rigid leafy subcorymbose at the top with few heads or branched, 
leaves ovato-lanceolate acute toothed principally about the 
middle nearly glabrous above, radical ones shortly stalked, 
1 This and the next belong to the Pseudo-accipilrina of Mr. Backhouse, thus 
characterised 
d. “ Involucres subglabrous the scales obtuse. “ Radical leaves frequently 
forming a winter rosette, but rarely present when the plant is in flower. 
Pscudo-accipitrina. 
23. H. Gothicum Fr. ; lower cauline leaves stalked or subsessile, upper sessile, 
ligules glabrous. 
2i. H. Duvrensc Fr. ; lower cauline leaves sessile, upper semiamplexicaul, ligules 
pilose at the apex. 
