Cichorium .] xlvi. composite : cynarocephal^e. 233 
*** Pappus neither filiform nor plumose. (Gen. 14, 15.) 
14. Lapsana Linn. Nipple-wort. 
Achenes compressed, striate. Pappus none, or a mere 
border. Receptacle naked. Involucre in a single row of erect 
scales, with small ones at the base. — Named from X«7r«£u>, to 
purge ; from its laxative qualities. 
1. L. communis L. (common N.); involucre of the fruit 
angular, stem panicled, peduncles slender, leaves ovate or 
cordate petiolate angulato-dentate, pappus none. E. B. t. 844. 
Waste and cultivated ground, common. 0. 7 — 9. — Stems 2 — 4 ft. 
high. Leaves soft and thin, slightly hairy; the radical ones more or 
less lyrate. Flowers small, yellow. 
2. L. pusilla Willd. (dwarf N.) ; scape branched very thick 
and fistulose upwards, leaves obovato-oblong toothed, pappus 
a short entire border. Hyoseris L. : E. B. t. 95. Arnoseris 
Gcertn. 
Corn-fields, in gravelly soils, not common. ©. 6 — 7. — Scapes 
6—8 inches high, more or less branched, remarkable for their clavate 
and fistulose extremities. Flowers small, yellow. 
15. Cichorium Linn. Succory, or Chicory. 
Achenes turbinate, striate. Pappus sessile, scaly, shorter 
than the fruit. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy. Involucre 
of 8 scales, surrounded by 5 smaller ones at the base. (Flowers 
blue .) — Name : chikouryeh, in Arabic. The Egyptians eat a 
vast quantity of this vegetable. 
1. C. I'ntybus L. (wild S.) ; heads sessile axillary in pairs, 
lower leaves runcinate hispid on the keel, upper ones amplexi- 
caul oblong or lanceolate entire. E. B. t. 539. 
Borders of fields and waste places ; chiefly in a light gravelly or 
chalky soil. 7 — 10 . — Stem 1 — 3 ft. high, erect, branched. 
Flowers numerous, large, of a bright, but pale blue. — The endive or 
succory of the gardens is C. Endivia, supposed to be a native of India. 
The specific name of both is derived from the Arabic hendibeh. 
Tribe II. CyNAROCEPHALiE. Artichoke or Thistle Tribe. 
All the corollas tubular (Tab. IV. A.), 5-cleft, and generally 
inflated below the mouth, uniform in the same head (perfect 
or rarely dioecious), or, as in Ceutaurea, with those of the cir- 
cumference irregular, tubular, and neuter (Tab. IV. B.). Style 
swollen below its branches. (Gen. 16 — 23. *) 
1 This, like the preceding, is a very natural tribe, deriving its name from Cynara, 
the Artichoke , which, as well as the Thistles, will give a good idea of the general 
aspect or appearance of all in the group ; and It is desirable to study the aspect, for 
in the following tribe ( Corymbiferce ) there are some genera which have wholly 
tubular florets, but they are usually quite distinct in appearance from the present, 
and, upon looking a little carefully into their structure, we shall find that they may 
be further distinguished from the Thistle tribe by the corollas not inflated below 
