236 xlvi. composite : cynarocephal-e. [ Cnicus . 
Leaves lanceolate or oblong, deeply sinuate. Heads of flowers large, 
handsome purple. Involucre slightly woolly or almost glabrous. 
2. C. acanthoides L. {welted, T .) ; leaves decurrent lanceolate 
sinuate pinnatifid spinous, heads globose nearly sessile solitary 
or aggregate, involucral scales linear-subulate erect or spread- 
ing. E. B. t. 973. — a. heads larger usually solitary, disk of 
achene with a 5-lobed tubercle. — ft. heads aggregate, disk of 
achene with a conical tubercle. C. crispus Z. 
Way-sides and waste places. © or $. 6 — 8. — Stem 3 — 4 ft. high, 
interruptedly winged, branched. Leaves glabrous or cottony beneath. 
Flowers deep purple, sometimes white. 
3. C. tenuflurus Curt, {slender-flowered T .) ; leaves decurrent 
lanceolate sinuate spinous somewhat cottony beneath, heads 
nearly cylindrical aggregate sessile, involucral scales ovato- 
lanceolate attenuate erect. E. B. t. 412. C. pycnocephalus 
Jacq. : Benth. 
Waste sandy places, especially about towns, near the sea. © or 
$. 6 — 8. — Stem 2 — 4 ft. high, winged to the top with the decur- 
rent bases of the leaves. 
** Filaments monadelphous, papillose: anther-appendages short. 
Silybum. 
4. C. Maridnus L. {Milk T.) ; leaves sessile amplexicaul 
waved spinous the radical ones pinnatifid, scales of the involucre 
subfoliaceous recurved spinous at the margin. E. B. t. 976. 
Silybum Gcert. 
Banks and waste places. Rare in Scotland ; about Edinburgh ; 
on Dumbarton rock. $. 7. — Stem 3 — 5 feet high. Distinguish- 
able at once by the white veins on its leaves, and the great recurved 
scales of the involucre. A drop of the Virgin Mary’s milk was con- 
sidered to have produced these veins, as that of Juno was fabled to be 
the origin of the milky ivay. 
20. Cnicus Linn. : Willd. Plume-thistle. 
Achenes glabrous. Pappus equal, plumose, sessile, united by 
a ring at the base and deciduous. Receptacle bristly. Involucre 
tumid, imbricated usually with spinous or mucronate scales. 
Anthers ecaudate ; filaments distinct. — Named from k vi£u>, to 
prick or wound. 
1. C. lanceoldtus Willd. {Spear P.) ; leaves decurrent hispid 
pinnatifid their lobes generally bifid spreading spinous, in- 
volucres ovate tomentose their scales lanceolate spreading. 
Carduus L. : E. B. t. 107. 
Way-sides and pastures, frequent. $ . 7, 8. — Stem 3 — 4 ft. high. 
Leaves white and downy beneath, spinous-hairv above ; segments 
entire, their points long and very sharp. Heads of flowers standing 
singly, large. 
2. C. palustris Willd. {Marsh P .) ; leaves decurrent sea- 
