237 
Cnlcus.'] XLVI. COMPOSITE : CYNAROCEPIIALiE. 
brous pinnatifid spinous, involucres ovate clustered, their 
scales ovato-lanceolate mucronate adpressed. CarduusZ. : E. 
B. t. 974. 
Moist meadows and shady places, frequent. $. 7. — Stem 4 — 6 ft. 
high, erect, copiously clothed with rather short spines. Remarkable 
for its clustered heads of flowers, whose involucres have the scales 
broad, adpressed, keeled and mucronate. 
3. C. arvensis Hoff'm. ( creeping P .) ; leaves spinous, heads 
dioecious by abortion, involucre ovate nearly glabrous, its scales 
broadly lanceolate adpressed terminating in a short spreading 
spine, rhizome creeping. — a. leaves sessile or very slightly de- 
current. pinnatifid very wavy. Carduus Curt. : E. B. t. 975. 
— ji. leaves lanceolate flat entire or slightly lobed. Cirsium 
setosum M. Bieb. ? 
Fields and road-sides, too abundant.- — 0. Culross, by tbe Frith 
of Forth, Perthshire. Hartlepool. Kirkwall. ~1L. 7. As to our 
0. it has been only found in Perthshire by Dr. Dewar, near Hartle- 
pool by Mr. Backhouse, and, according to Mr. Babington, at Kirk- 
wall. It may not be the plant of Bieberstein, an Eastern species, 
described with scarcely rigid points to the involucral scales: otherwise 
we must suppose it to have been introduced with ballast. 
4. C. eriophorus Willd. {woolly -headed P.) ; leaves semi- 
amplexicaul not decurrent white and cottony beneath spinous- 
hairy above pinnatifid, lobes bifid alternate segments pointing 
upwards and downwards, involucres spherical woolly, the scales 
with a long reflexed spinous point. E. B. t. 386. 
Waste ground and road-sides, in chalky and limestone soil. Rare 
in Scotland; near Edinburgh, Dumbarton, and in Appin. 7. 
8. — Stems much branched, furrowed, 2 ft. high; the stoutest of the 
genus. Leaves acuminate, white and downy beneath ; their segments 
entire, alternately pointing upwards and downwards, and terminated 
by sharp spines. Involucre very large ; its scales linear, mucronate, 
much interwoven with a woolly substance. 
5. C. heterophyllus Willd. {melancholy P .) ; leaves semi-am- 
plexioaul (not decurrent) lanceolate soft ciliato-dentate undi- 
vided or laciniate glabrous above white and downy beneath, 
heads mostly solitary, involucres ovate slightly downy, scales 
ovate or lanceolate acuminate adpressed. E. B. t. 675. 
Moist mountain-pastures in the North, frequent. 2/.. 7, 8. — 
Rhizome creeping. Stems 2 — 3 ft. high, striate, and, as well as the 
under-side of the leaves, covered with a white cottony down. In- 
volucre dark green ; its scales acuminate but not spinous. 
6. C. tuberosus Willd. {tuberous P.) ; leaves sessile (not de- 
current) lanceolate deeply pinnatifid lobed fringed with minute 
prickles pilose above hairy or slightly cottony beneath, lower 
ones on long stalks, stem without wing or prickles with 1 — 3 
terminal heads, scales of the involucre lanceolate mucronate 
