242 XL vi. composite : coiiymbifee.e. '[ Centaurea. 
snare, and caly, a prickle ; whence the Saxon and English word Caltrops 
(an instrument of war with long points), and the French chausse - 
trappe, which last seems to have been Latinised into calcitrapa. 
8. C. * solstitialis L. ( yellow S ) ; scales of the involucre woollv 
palmato-spinose ending in a long slender spine, stem winged 
from the decurrent bases of the lanceolate unarmed entire 
leaves, radical ones lyrato-pinnatifid, heads terminal solitary. 
E. B. t. 243. 
Occasionally seen in fields and waste places, principally in the 
east and south of England, and near Dublin. 0. 7 — 9. — Flowers 
yellow, as are the slender needle-like spines of the involucre. Pappus 
rigid. 
Tribe III. Corymbifer^. 
Heads either discoid; with the fiorets of each uniform and 
usually tubular (Tab. IV. C.), or those of the circumference 
filiform or tubular and pistillate only: — or rayed (Tab. IV. D.) 
when furnished with a ray consisting of ligulate pistillate or 
neuter spreading florets. Style of the perfect florets not swollen 
beneath its branches. 1 (Gen. 24 — 46.) 
1 This tribe is an extensive one, and at first sight will appear less natural and less 
recognisable by the inexperienced eye, than the two former tribes. The greater 
number of the genera and species, which compose it, have radiate flowers, and then 
they are readily distinguished. Of this we have very familiar examples in the 
Daisy (Tab. IV. D.), the Ox eye and the Leopard' s-bane ; but in many cases the 
ray is so small as to be hardly perceptible, as in the Cudweeds ; or it is wholly 
wanting, as in the He?np-agrimony, Bur-marigold, and in th e Diotis or Cotton-weed 
(Tab. IV. C.). In these latter then the florets are all tubular; but the student 
will observe that the florets do not spread, as in most of the Thistle tribe , that the 
corolla is not remarkably inflated below the mouth, nor is the style swollen below 
the branches ; and he would never think of arranging any one of them with the 
Thistles. A reference to our figures, and a comparison of them with the figures of 
the two preceding tribes, will show at once the essential distinctions. 
Tab. IV. C. Fig. 1. Head of flowers of Diotis : the florets all tubular, erect, 
erowded, parallel (not spreading), surrounded by the scaly and woolly involucre. 
Fig. 2. Single floret taken from the receptacle, with its chaffy scale. Within the 
fringed scale is seen, at the base of the floret, the germen (destitute of pappus), 
upon which is the tubular corolla, with its two curious ears at the base, and in- 
cluding the stamens and pistil. 
Fig. 3. Upper part of the style, showing no swelling. 
Figs. 4, 5. Fruits with the withered and persistent base of the corollas. 
All more or less magnified. 
Tab. IV. D. Fig. 1. Head of flowers of the Common Daisy ( Beilis perennis ), 
showing the tubular florets in the centre, and the ligulate ones forming a ray in 
the circumference, all within the involucre. 
Fig. 2. Involucre with the conical receptacle ; all the florets being removed. 
Fig. 3. Floret of the ray or circumference, haxing at its base the germen desti- 
tute of pappus, and above it the ligulate or strap-shaped corolla, exhibiting in its 
short cylindrical base only a style and no stamens: it is, therefore, imperfect, but 
fertile, the pistil being fertilised by the anthers of the central florets. 
Fig. 4. Floret of the centre or disk, having at the base, the germen, destitute of 
pappus ; above that, the tubular corolla, including the stamens and style : it is, 
therefore, perfect. 
All more or less magnified. 
The name Corymbifera; was given to this tribe or division of Compositce, be. 
cause in many cases, as in the Hemp-agrimony , Tansy , &c. t the heads of flowers 
are arranged in corymbs j but this is by no means universally the case. 
