248 
xlvi. composer® : cortmbifer®. [Filago. 
var. 7 . of Persoon. Achenes white from numerous short adpressed 
silky hairs, those towards the extremity being a little longer and 
forming as it were a very short outer pappus ; in G. sylvaticum, the 
achenes are yellowish, sprinkled with a very few short hairs, and 
when the pappus is removed a callous ring or disk is visible not 
surrounded by a circle of hairs ; but the true distinction between 
these two species consists in the form of the achene and number of rows 
of the marginal florets. 
32. Filago Linn. Filago. 
Heads heterogamous, with one or more rows of filiform 
pistillate florets in the circumference. Pappus pilose, of the 
outermost row of pistillate florets very caducous or wanting. 
Receptacle conical, with 1 — 5 rows of scales within or among 
the filiform florets. Involucre imbricated, conical, of a few 
acuminate scariose scales. Anthers with bristles at the base. 
Style of the perfect florets with short truncate branches ciliate 
at the apex. — Name: Jilum, thread ; the whole plant being 
covered with slender thread-like hairs. 
* Scales of the receptacle in 1 — 2 rows. Oglifa. 
1. F. Gdllica L. (narrow-leaved F .) ; stem erect dichotomous, 
leaves linear-acute somewhat revolute on the margin, heads 
crowded in axillary and terminal tufts which are shorter than 
the leaves. Gnaphalium Huds. : E. B. t. 2369. 
Gravelly and sandy fields. Berechurch, Essex ; Hertfordshire ; 
and said also to be found in Kent, Suffolk, Worcester, Derby, Fife, 
and Forfar. ©. 7 — 9, — Stem about a span high, slender, leafy. 
Heads of flowers small, oblong, in rather distant, leafy fascicles ; outer 
scales of the involucre cottony ; inner ones glabrous at the points, 
gibbous at the base and enclosing the marginal florets. Not perhaps 
truly distinct from the following ; in both there are two rows of 
pistillate florets and scales of the receptacle, which latter are not 
larger than the inner scales of the involucre, and we fear no other 
distinctive marks are to be relied on in this genus. 
2. F. minima Pers. (least F.) ; stem erect dichotomously 
branched, leaves linear-lanceolate acute cottony flat adpressed, 
heads conical few in lateral and axillary tufts which are longer 
than the leaves. Gnaphalium Sni.: E. B. t. 1157. F. montana 
DC. (not Linn.) 
Dry and gravelly places frequent. ©. 6 — 9. — Stems 4 — 6 inches 
high, slender, branched above in a dichotomous manner. Involucres 
broad at the base; scales cottony glabrous and slightly obtuse at the 
point. Florets yellowish. — F. montana L. (the same as F. arvensis L. ) 
differs from this in having a solitary row of pistillate florets separated 
from the tubular ones by a row of scales larger than the true scales 
of the involucre : it is so common on the Continent that it may have 
been passed over in this country. 
