Monotropa .] 
LIII. AQUIFOLIACEiE. 
277 
apex of (lie fleshy albumen. — Herbaceous, growing among the 
roots of Pines and other trees ; stems brown or almost colourless , 
leafless , but covered with scales. 
1. Monotropa Linn. Bird’s Nest. 
Perianth of 4 — 5 leaves, cucullate at the base, with or without 
as many external alternating scales or braeteas ( calyx DC. 1 ). 
Anthers 1-celled, 2-lipped. Seeds chaffy. — Named from povoc, 
one , and rptmo to turn ; the flowers all pointing one way. 
1. M. Hypdpitys L. ( yellow B.) ; flowers racemose glabrous 
externally, lateral ones with 8 stamens, terminal one with 10, 
leaves of the perianth with as many glabrous alternating ex- 
ternal scales. E. B. t. 69. — a. filaments, ovary, style, and inside 
of perianth glabrous. — (3. filaments, ovary, style, and inside of 
perianth hairy. 
Beech and fir-woods, where the soil is dry ; but not common either 
in England or Scotland. In Sussex, occurring in rings several feet 
in diameter. Counties of Dublin and Louth, Ireland, y.. 7, 8. 
— Root parasitic? Stem stout, erect, 6 — 9 inches high, simple or 
slightly branched, instead of leaves having nitmerous ovate scattered 
scales, of the same dingy yellow hue as the stem. Raceme terminal, 
a continuation of the stem, at first drooping, then erect. Flowers on 
short scaly or bracteated pedicels, large, of the same colour as the 
rest of the plant. Stamens alternately smaller. Seeds very minute, 
rarely perfect; the outer coat loose, reticulated, and much longer than 
the nucleus. 
B. Stamens inserted upon the Corolla. (Ord. LIII. — 
LXVIII.) 
Ord. LIII. AQUIFOLIACEiE Be Cand. 
Cal. of 4 — 6 imbricated lobes. Corolla 4 — 6-lobed, aestivation 
imbricative. Stamens 4 — 6, alternate with the segments of 
the corolla. Ovary with from 2 — 6 or more cells. Ovules 
solitary, pendulous from a cup-shaped seed-stalk. Stigmas 
several or lobed, nearly sessile. Fruit fleshy, with from 2 — 6 or 
more stony 1 -seeded nuts. Albumen fleshy. — Trees or shrubs. 
Leaves coriaceous. Flowers small, axillary. — The bark and 
fruit are tonic and astringent. The famous Paraguay tea of 
South America is a species of holly, Ilex Paraguensis. 
1 De Candolle, Lindley, and most botanists, call the perianth a corolla , and the 
braeteas a calyx ; but in M. Morisoniana and uniflora the latter is absent entirely: 
and as it is now universally admitted that a corolla may be absent when there is a 
calyx, but that a calyx or perianth cannot be absent when the corolla is developed, 
we prefer adhering to the character of the order and genus given in former editions 
of this Flora. 
