280 lyi . gentianaceai. [Cicendia. 
the southern counties. y. 4 — 6. — Trailing stems very tough; 
not so in the following species. 
2. V. * major L. ( greater P.) ; stems at first suberect, leaves 
ovate or cordate, their margins as well as those of the elongated 
subulate segments of the calyx ciliate. E. B. t. 514. 
Woods and thickets. y. 4, 5. — Twice the size of the former in 
all its parts. Corolla usually purple in both, but varying in intensity. 
The anthers, stigma, and fruit (a follicle ) of this genus are highly 
curious. 
Ord. LYI. GENTIANACEyE Juss. 
Calyx divided, persistent. Corolla usually regular and per- 
sistent, the limb generally with an imbricative and twisted rarely 
with an induplicate aestivation, 4- mostly 5-, 6-, 8-, or 10-lobed. 
Stamens as many as lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1 — 2-celled, 
many-seeded. Styles 1 or 2. Stigmas 1 — 2. Capsule (or 
Berry ) generally 2-valved ; the margins of the valves turned 
inwards and bearing the seeds, where there is one cell ; in the 
2-celled genera the margins meet in the axis. Albumen fleshy. 
— Mostly herbaceous, generally glabrous plants, with opposite 
( rarely alternate) leaves and no stipules, eminently bitter and 
stomachic . — Gentiana lutea is the bitter gentian, and affords a 
spirit much used in Switzerland and well known under the 
name of Enzian-wasser : Swertia (or Ophelia ) Chirayta is a 
famous East-Indian stomachic. 
A. Leaves opposite. Corolla twisted in (estivation. 
* Style deciduous. 
4. Chlora. Cor. rotate. Stamens 8. 
1. Cicendia. Cor. funnel-shaped. Stam. 4. Anth. straight. Stigma 
1, entire. 
2. Erythr.ea. Cor. funnel-shaped. Stam. 5. Anth. twisted. Stig- 
mas 2. 
** Style persistent. 
3. Gentiana. Cor. without nectariferous pores. Cal. 4 — 5-cleft. 
3 a . Swertia. Cor. rotate, with nectariferous pores. Cal. 4 — 5 -partite. 
B. Leaves alternate. Corolla induplicate in (estivation. 
5. Menyanthes. Cor. fleshy, hairy within. Caps, with 2 valves bear- 
ing the seeds along their middle. Leaves ternate. 
G. Villarsia. Cor. thin, ciliate. Capsule without regular valves. 
Leaves floating, cordate. 
A. Segments of the corolla twisted in c estivation . Leaves opposite. 
(Gen. 1 — 4.) 
1 . Cicendia Adans. Cicendia. 
Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4-cleft, funnel-shaped, marcescent, the 
