Pulmonaria.'] lix. boraginaceae. 2S9 
* Throat of the corolla naked ( without conspicuous scales or 
valves). (Gen. 1 — 4.) 
1. E'chium Linn. Viper’s Bugloss. 
Cor. irregular; its throat dilated, open and naked. Filaments 
very long, unequal. Style bifid. Achenes wrinkled, with a flat 
base, seated on a hypogynous disk, free from the style. — 
Named from f x<e, a viper ; because this, or some allied plant, 
was supposed to be an effectual remedy against the bite of that 
animal. 
]. E. vulgdre L. ( common F.); stem herbaceous simple hispid 
with tubercles, leaves linear-lanceolate hispid, flowers in lateral 
short spikes, stamens longer than the corolla. E. R. t. 181. 
E. Italicum Huds. : E. B. t. 2081. (not L.) 
On old walls, banks, fields, and waste grounds, especially in a sandy 
or gravelly soil : common on tlie Surrey hills, with pale fl. $ . 6, 7. 
— Stems 2 — 3 feet high. Root-leaves spreading, petioled. Spikes of 
flowers lateral, secund, recurved, forming one long compound spike or 
raceme. Corolla at first reddish-purple, then brilliant blue, sometimes 
white. 
2. E. violaceum L. ( purple-flowered B.) ; stem herbaceous 
diffuse branched pilose-hispid, lower leaves ovate-oblong petio- 
late, upper ones oblong cordate and somewhat amplexieaul 
at the base, spikes elongated, stamens scarcely longer than the 
corolla. E. B. S. t. 2798. 
Plentiful on the sandy grounds in Jersey. $ . 7. — Quite a 
distinct species from E. vulgare, and certainly the E. violaceum of 
Linnceus and the Continental botanists. It is much less hispid than 
E. vulgare and destitute of tubercles. Stem branched, spreading, 
often decumbent. Spikes much elongated, bearing more distant 
flowers. Stamens very unequal, 2 of them much longer than the 
corolla, two of them about the same length, and 1 shorter. 
2. Pulmonaria Linn. Lungwort. 
Cal. with 5 angles, 5-eleft. Cor. regular, funnel-shaped, its 
throat naked. Stamens included : filaments very short. Style 
simple. Achenes with a flat base, seated on a hypogynous 
disk, free from the style. — Named from pulmo, the lungs; from 
the use formerly made of this and other Boraginacece in pulmo- 
nary affections. In the present instance, the spotted leaves, 
resembling the lungs, were the principal recommendation. 
1. P. officinalis L. ( common L .) ; leaves scabrous, radical 
ones ovate or cordate petiolate, upper ones of the stem sessile 
ovate. E. B. t. 118 ( excl . the root-leaves). 
Woods and thickets, rare. Dane’s wood, near Slindon, Sussex; 
Durham and Bedfordshire. Near Edinburgh and Glasgow, but 
scarcely wild. fl. 5. — About J foot high. Stem leaves all more 
O 
