290 
lix. boraglnacetE. \_Lithospermum. 
or less ovate ; lower ones petiolate, upper ones sessile ; all with short 
hairs, and frequently spotted. Flowers purple. 
2. P. angustifolia L. (?) arrow-leaved L .) ; leaves lanceolate 
scabrous, radical ones petiolate, upper ones sessile. E. B. t. 
1628. 
Woods and thickets, rare. Isle of Wight, and New Forest, Hamp- 
shire. y. 3 — 6. — Usually taller than the preceding, and different 
in the shape of its foliage, which is seldom spotted ; but these marks 
are not constant. Inflorescence subcapitate. 
3. Lithospermcm Linn. Gromwell. 
Cal. in 5 deep segments. Cor. funnel-shaped, its mouth naked 
(or with very minute scales). Stamens included : filaments vary 
short. Style simple. Achenes stony, with a truncated base, 
seated on a hypogynous disk, free from the style. — Named 
from \iQog, a stone , and ampya, a seed; from its very hard shining 
seeds or achenes. The English gromwell has a similar origin 
in Celtic : gram, a seed , and mil, a stone. 
1. L. officinale L. ( common G.) ; stem erect very much 
branched, leaves broadly lanceolate acute nerved rough above 
hairy beneath, tube of the corolla as long as the calyx, achenes 
smooth. E. B. t. 134. 
Dry, waste, and uncultivated places, and among rubbish : rare in 
Scotland, y. 6. — Stem 1 to foot high. Ft. pale yellow. Achenes 
whitish-brown, highly polished ; seldom more than 2 or 3 ripening 
in each calyx. 
2. L. aroense L. ( Corn G., or Bastard Alkanet); stem erect 
branched, leaves lanceolate acute hairy, calyx a little shorter 
than the corolla its segments patent when containing the ripe 
wrinkled nuts. E. B. t. 123. 
Corn-fields and waste ground. 0. 5, 6. — Corollas white. Caly- 
cine segments thrice as long as the fruit. 
3. L. purpurea -car tileum L. (creeping or purple G.) ; barren 
stems prostrate, leaves lanceolate acute hairy, tube of the co- 
rolla much longer than the calyx, achenes smooth. E. B. 117. 
Thickets on a chalky soil, rare. Near Denbigh, in Wales ; 
Taunton, Somersetshire ; Marychurch, Devon ; Darenth wood and 
Greenhithe, Kent; Caswell Bay, Glamorganshire. y. 6, 7. — 
Distinguished from the two preceding species by its large and bright 
blue flowers. 
4. Mertensia Roth. Smooth-Gromwell. 
Cal. 5-cleft or 5-partite, half the length of the cor. Corolla 
funnel-shaped, naked or with 5 plaits or wrinkles between the 
stamens. Stamens inserted near the apex of the tube, protruded ; 
filaments ligulate ; anthers 2-lobed at the base. Style filiform, 
