296 
LIX. BORAGINACEjE. 
\_Asperitgo. 
very hispid. Stem-leaves petiolate and eared at the base, uppermost 
ones sessile. Cor. large, brilliant blue, with very prominent stamens. 
10. Asferugo Linn. Madwort. 
Cal. 5-cleft, unequal, with alternate smaller teeth, enlarged 
and compressed in fruit. Cor. (short) funnel-shaped, its mouth 
closed with convex connivent scales. Achenes compressed, 
warted, fixed by their edge to the persistent base of the style. 
— Named from asper, rough; eminently applicable to this 
plant, even among the group of Asperifolioe. 
1. A. * procumbens L. ( German M.) : E. B. t. 661. 
Waste places, principally in thenorth. Durham; Northumberland; 
Salop ; Essex ; Kent. Caernarvonshire. About Haddington, and 
near Edinburgh ; Forfar and Moray shires. ©. 6, 7. — Stems pro- 
cumbent, angular, rough with short hooked prickles. Leaves oblong- 
lanceolate, solitary or opposite, or 3 — 4 nearly from the same point 
of the stem ; lower ones petiolate, all rough and slightly hispid. 
Flowers blue, axillary, solitary. Peduncles short, at first erect, then 
curved downward. Cal. small, much enlarged in fruit. 
(Eckinospermum Lappula Lehm. was found at Southwold, Suf- 
folk, in August, 1839; and near Ware Mill, Hertfordshire, in 
1841 ; and E. deflexum Lehm. near Alton in Hampshire ; but both, 
we fear, introduced from the Continent.] 
11. Ctnoglossum Linn. Ilound’s-tongue. 
Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. (short) funnel-shaped, its mouth closed 
with prominent convex, connivent, scales. Stamens included 
within the corolla. Achenes roundish ovate, depressed, muri- 
eate, fixed by the edge to the persistent base of the style. — 
Named from kvu>v, a dog, and yXwaaa, a tongue ; from the shape 
and texture of the leaf. 
1. C. officinale L. (common I!.); lower leaves elliptical 
stalked softly downy, upper ones lanceolate narrowed below 
subcordate and semiamplexicaul, racemes without bracteas. 
E.B.t. 921. 
Waste grounds and by road-sides; less frequent in Scotland. $. 
6, 7. — Whole plant soft to the touch, dull-green, with a fetid smell ; 
often two feet high. Lower leaves on long foot-stalks. Flowers pur- 
plish-red. Fruit very rough : achenes flat in front, surrounded by a 
thickened slightly prominent margin. 
2. C. sylvaticum Haenke (green-leaved H.) ; stem-leaves lan- 
ceolate broad at the base shining sessile slightly hairy and 
scabrous especially beneath, upper ones somewhat narrowed 
below and amplexicaul, racemes without bracteas. E. B. t. 
1642. C. montanum Lam. 
Shady places by road-sides, &c., in the middle and east of England, 
