334 
LXIII. LABIATE. 
[ Stachys. 
patent trifid, its middle lobe entire, or nearly so. The two 
anterior stamens the longest. .4n^er-cells somewhat parallel, 
opening longitudinally. Achenes rounded at the end. — Name 
altered from Bentonic, in Celtic ; ben, meaning head , and ton, 
good, or tonic. Its properties are cephalic. 
1. B. officinalis L. {Wood B.); hairy, spike interrupted 
short, leaves cordate-oblong crenate, corolla twice as long as 
the calyx, stem naked, middle lobe of the lower lip somewhat 
notched. E. B. t. 1142. Stachys Betonica Benth. 
Woods and thickets ; frequent in England, not common in Scotland. 
y. . 6 — 8. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, hairy, with few leaves, the lower- 
most on long footstalks, upper and floral ones sessile, uppermost linear 
quite entire and as long as the calyx. Spikes oblong-ovate. Calyx 
nearly glabrous. Bracteus ovate, mucronate. 
14. Stachys Linn. Woundwort. 
Cal. subcampanulate, 10-ribbed; teeth 5, nearly equal, acu-l 
minate. Cor. with the tube as long as the calyx : upper lip 
mostly arched, entire; lower one 3-lobed, with the two lateral 
lobes reflexed. The two anterior stamens the longest. Anther-' 
cells diverging, opening longitudinally. Achenes rounded at: 
the end. — This genus scarcely differs from Betonica but in the 
shorter tube of its corolla. — Name: a raxes, a spike; from the 
nature of the inflorescence. 
1. S. sylvatica L. ( Hedge IF.); whorls of 6 — 8 flowers dis- 
tant, bracteas minute, cal.-teeth very acute, leaves cordate- 
ovate acute serrate long-stalked, upper floral ones linear entire. 
E. B. t. 416. 
Woods and shady places. It , 7, 8. — Stem 2 — 3 feet high, 
hairy, filled with pith. Leaves truly cordate and tapering from below 
the middle to a point, in which respect it differs from the following. 
Petioles as long as the leaves themselves. Flowers purple. 
2. S. palustris L. (Marsh TF) ; whorls of 6 — 10 flowers, 
bracteas minute, cal.-teeth very acute, leaves linear-lanceolate 
or ovato-lanceolate rounded or cordate at the base sessile or 
shortly stalked. — a. lower leaves shortly stalked, upper sessilei 
and semi-amplexicaul. E. B. t. 167 5.-/8. ambigua, leaves' 
distinctly stalked, stalks not above half the length of the leaf. 
S. ambigua Sm. : E. B. t. 2089. 
River-banks and watery or moist places, frequent . — $. not un- 
common in Scotland, especially in the West Highlands ; also in 
various places in England and Ireland. 2/.. 7, 8. — Rhizome exten- 
sively creeping. Stetn hollow. There seem to be two plants known 
under the name of S. ambigua : the one with narrow leaves, on 
stalks not a fourth of their length, is certainly a mere variety of S. 
