390 LXXX. URTICACE^E. [ Urtica. 
nate leaves), to which are referred the famous bread-fruit or 
Artocarpus incisa, and the jak- (or jack-) fruit , A. integrifolia ; 
Antiaris toxicaria , the celebrated poison-tree , or upas , of Java; 
and the ■ Galactodendron utile Humb., or cow-tree of South 
America, from which flows a milk which is esteemed a most 
nutritive beverage by the natives : also Ficus Carica, yielding 
the luscious fig; Urostigma elasticum, one of the plants that 
produce caoutchouc or India-rubber ; Dorstenia, a species of 
which is the Contrayerva. 
1. Urtica. Stamens 4. Perianth of fertile flowers 2-scpaled. Stigma 1, 
sessile, penicillate. 
2. Parietakia. Stamens 4. Perianth of fertile flowers 4-cleft. Style 1, 
conspicuous. Stigma 1, penicillate. 
3. Hciucnus. Stam. 5. Perianth of fertile flowers a mere scale. Stig- 
mas 2, sessile, filiform. 
Sub-Ord. T. URTICEJE. Flowers usually separate from, each 
other. Filaments curved inivards during (estivation , then bend- 
ing outwards. Anthers inverted in (estivation. Style and 
stigma 1 . Ovule erect. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy 
(but often thin) albumen. Stipules small. 
1. Urtica Linn. Nettle. 
Monoecious or dioecious. — Barren fl. Perianth of 4 sepals, 
containing the rudiment of a pistil. Stam. 4. — Fertile fl. Pe- 
rianth of 2 sepals, with sometimes 2 external smaller ones or 
bracteas. Stigma 1, sessile, penicillate. Fruit an achene. — 
Leaves opposite. — Named from uro, to burn; in allusion to its 
stinging property. 
1. U. * pilulif era L. (Boman N . ) ; leaves ovate or cordate 
acuminate with transverse nerves, spikes in pairs, fertile ones 
dense globular, achenes minutely granular shining, root an- 
nual. — a. leaves usually coarsely toothed. E. B. t. 148. — 
/3. leaves nearly entire. U. Dodartii L. U. integrifolia Lam. 
Under walls and among rubbish, about towns and villages in Eng- 
land, principally near the sea, but nowhere well established. Bally- 
lickey, south of Ireland. — £. Copford, Essex; Upwell, Norfolk; 
Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire. ©. 6 — 8. — The most venomous of 
our British nettles. U. Dodartii is only known as a cultivated plant, 
and therefore may be looked upon as a very suspicious native, al- 
though the above localities have been given for it. 
2. U. urens L. ( small N.) ; leaves elliptical serrate with about 
5 nearly parallel ribs, spikes in pairs oblong nearly simple 
shorter than the petiole, achenes obscurely granular opaque, 
root annual. E. B. t. 1236. 
Waste places and cultivated ground, frequent. 0. 6 — 9. 
