LXXXI. ULMACE-®. 
393 
U'lniusJ] 
the middle, and extending almost to the notch. — a. vulgaris ; 
leaves rhomboid-obovate small (1 — 3 inches long) scabrous 
above pubescent below. U. campestris Sm. (and most authors, 
not L.) : E. 13. t. 1886 ( samara cuneate-oblong). U. suberosa 
Ehrh.: E. B. t. 2161 ( samara roundish-obovate). — 0. major; 
leaves larger (2£ — 5 inches long) scabrous above, pubescent 
below. U. major Sm. : E. B. t. 2542 ? — y. Ice vis ; leaves more 
or less coriaceous shining and smooth or slightly scabrous 
above, nearly glabrous beneath except in the axils of the nerves, 
younger ones stipules and samara with scattered stalked glands, 
branches pendulous. U. glabra Mill. : E. B. t. 2248. U. car- 
pinifolia Lindl. — c. fastigiata ; as in the last, but the branches 
rigid erect and compact, and the leaves sometimes cuspidate. 
U. stricta Lindl. 
Woods and hedges. — a. Throughout England. — 0. in the neigh- 
bourhood of London. — y. chiefly in the S. of England and Ireland. 
— 5. Cornwall and North Devon. b . 3 — 5 — The first form of 
our vnr. a., which grows principally in Norfolk and Sussex, yields 
the best wood of all the elms. It is said to have been brought to 
Europe from Palestine by the Crusaders. The other form, although 
the common elm of England, was not believed to be indigenous so 
long ago as in the time of Miller. U. major is generally considered 
not to be a native, as the old name U. Hollandica imports. The var. 
y. is the wych or witch-elm, this name having been applied to it, as 
also to the next species, probably from having been used for divi- 
ning rods (see Corylus Avellana ) : some specimens called U. glabra 
belong however to the next. Of U. stricta of Lindley the fruit is 
unknown. 
2. U. campestris L. ( broad-leaved E., or Wych-Hazel) ; leaves 
doubly serrate cuspidate, usually scabrous above and pubescent 
beneath sometimes nearly glabrous, liowers 5 — 7-cleft, segments 
ciliate, samara oblong or roundish broadest about or below 
the middle shortly bifid at the apex, the seminiferous cavity 
chiefly below the middle and distant from the notch. U. mon- 
tana Bank.: Sm. : E. B. t. 1887. 
Woods and hedges, frequent, certainly wild. Tj . 3, 4. — This is 
certainly the U. campestris L. and of Swedish and Danish botanists, as 
Mr. Borrer long since suspected, and which Dr. Bromfield proved 
by consulting the Linnxan herbarium : it is the only species wild 
in the north of Europe. Distinguished at first sight by its large 
spreading branches and broad leaves appearing just as the “hop- 
like fruit" comes to perfection, but with more certainty, by the rela- 
tive position of the cavity and notch of the fruit, a character first 
indicated by Gaudin, and which may even be observed in the ovary 
when a little advanced. A variety is called the weeping elm. To this 
Lindley refers also the giant elm and Chichester elm. The wood is 
of inferior quality. The late Dr. Bromfield refers here rather than 
to V. suberosa the V. glabra of botanists, and says that U. suberosa is 
s 5 
