PdpuluS.'] LXXXVI. CUPL'LIFERiE. 415 
founded with the last species on account of its downy leaves, and 
those of the young shoots from the root being often also palmately 
3 — 5-lobed. Dr. Bromfield thought it a variety; M. Spach, how- 
ever, considers it in reality much nearer the next, from which it is 
only to be distinguished with certainty by the leaf-buds and the leaves 
of the root-shoots, which in P. tremula are never palmate. ' 
3. P. tremula L. ( trembling P., or Aspen) ; leaf-buds glabrous 
shining slightly viscous, leaves nearly orbicular and bluntly 
sinuate-toothed soon glabrous on both sides, fertile catkins as 
large as the barren ones, scales of both deeply palmatifid and 
serieeo-pilose, stigmas (purple) cuneate irregularly 3 — 4-lobed. 
E. B. t. 1909. 
Moist woods. Frequent in Scotland, even at a considerable eleva- 
tion on the mountains. h- 3, 4. — The tree is well known by the 
tremulous movement of its leaves with the slightest breath of wind, 
which is aided by their stalks being much and laterally compressed ; 
a character, however, to be observed in most other species. The figure 
in E. Bot. and Smith’s description are not taken from the usual form 
of the stigmas, although they may be occasionally divided as repre- 
sented, the auricle being one of the lobes. This species alone, of all 
those which are reputed British, “ occurs in the middle of our large 
woods remote from the enclosed country : ” Bromf. 
** Scales of catkins glabrous, ciliate at the apex. Catkins in fruit lax, 
moniliform. Slam. 8 — 30. Stigmas reniform or roundish, crenate, 
sometimes 2-lobed at the apex. Aigeiros. 
4. P. *nigra L. (black P .); leaf-buds glabrous viscous, leaves 
ovate deltoid or rhomboid cuspidate pointed crenate or serrate 
quite glabrous on both sides, stipules ovate acuminate, stigmas 
roundish 2-lobed at the apex. E. B. t. 1910 (not correct as to 
the stigmas). 
Watery places and river-banks, scarcely indigenous. Tj . 4. — A 
very large tree of quick growth, producing a light not valuable wood. 
The Italian or Lombardy poplar ( P. fastigiata Pers. ) is probably a 
variety of P. nigra, with erect, instead of spreading, branches. 
Ord. LXXXVI. CUPULIFER2E Rich. 
Monoecious. — Barren fl. amentaceous or in a lax spike. Sta- 
mens 5 — 20, inserted into the base of scales or of a membranous 
valvate perianth, generally distinct. — Fertile fl. aggregate or 
spicate or amentaceous. Ovary with several cells, crowned by 
the rudiments of a closely adherent perianth, seated within a 
coriaceous or somewhat leafy involucre ( cupule ) of various 
forms. Ovules in pairs or solitary, pendulous or peltate. 
Stigmas several, nearly sessile, distinct. Fruit a bony or 
coriaceous 1 -celled nut (a gland), 1 — 3 together, more or 
less enclosed in the involucre. Seed solitary. Albumen want- 
ing. Embryo large : cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle minute, 
t 4 
