416 
LX XXVI. CUPULIFERJE. 
\Fdgus. 
superior. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves with stipules, alternate , 
simple , often with veins proceeding straight from the midrib to 
the margin. 
* Barren flowers in a globose catkin. Anthers 2 -celled. 
1. Fagus. Fertile flowers 2 together within a 4-lobed prickly involucre. 
Stigmas 3, filiform. 
** Barren flowers in a long cylindrical catkin or spike. 
| Anthers 2-celled. 
2. Castanea. Fertile flowers 1 — 3 together within a 4-lobed muricate 
involucre. Stigmas usually G (5 — 8), filiform. 
3. Queecus. Fertile flowers solitary within a cup-shaped scaly at length 
indurated involucre. Stigmas 3, oblong. 
ft Anthers 1 -celled. 
4. Coeylus. Fertile flowers aggregate in a short compact catkin. 
Involucre of one piece, at length enlarged, leafy and laciniate, 
containing a single nut. Stigmas 2, filiform. 
5. Carpinus. Fertile flowers in a lax catkin. Involucre of 2 distinct 
at length enlarged leaves, containing 2 nuts. Stigmas 2, filiform. 
1. Fagus Linn. Beech. 
Barren fl. in a globose catkin. Perianth campanulate, 6-cleft. 
Stain. 8 — 15. Anthers ‘2-celled. — Fertile fl. 2 together within 
a 4-lobed involucre. Perianth urceolate, with 4 — 5 minute lobes. 
Ovary incorporated with the perianth, 3-celled, 2 cells becoming 
abortive. Stigmas 3, filiform. Nuts triquetrous, in pairs within 
the enlarged prickly involucre.— Name : tpayoc , in Greek, from 
i payw , to eat; on account of the nutritive qualities of the fruit. 
1. F. sylvdtica L. ( common B.) ; leaves ovate glabrous obso- 
letely dentate their margins ciliate. E. B. t. 1846. 
Woods, especially on a chalky soil. Scarcely wild in Scotland, but 
abundant in forests in the south of England, h . 4 , 5 . 
2. Castanea Tourn. Chestnut. 
Barren fl. in a very long cylindrical interrupted spike. Pe- 
rianth single, of 1 leaf, 5 — 6-cleft. Stam. 5 — 20. Anthers 2- 
celled. — Fertile fl. usually 3 (1 — 3) within a 4-lobed involucre. 
Perianth single, urceolate, 5 — 8-lobed, having the rudiments of 
5 — 12 stam. Ovary incorporated with the perianth, 5 — 8-celled, 
each cell 2-seeded, all the cells except one mostly abortive. 
Stigmas 5 — 8, filiform. Nuts 1 — 2 together within the enlarged 
prickly involucre. — Named from Castanea, in Thessaly, which 
produced magnificent chestnut trees. 
1. C. *vulgdris Lam. ( Spanish C .) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 
acuminate mucronato-serrate glabrous on each side. Fagus 
Castanea L. : E. B. t. 886. 
