446 
XCIV. LILIACEiE. 
\_Pdris. 
1. Paris Linn. Herb-Paris. 
Perianth, of 6 — 10 narrow, very patent or reflexed sepals, 
inner ones scarcely coloured. Cells of the anthers fixed one on 
each side near the middle of a subulate filament. Berry 3 — 5- 
celled. — Named, it is said, from par, parts (equal) ; on account 
of the regularity of its leaves and flowers. 
1. P. quadrifolia L. (common 11.) ; leaves ovate 4 — 5 in a 
whorl. E. B. t. 7. 
Moist and wet shady woods, in many parts of England and 
Scotland. Killarney, Ireland. 1). 5, 6 . — Stem 1 ft. high, with 4, 
rarely 3 or 5, whorled, large, ovate, acute leaves at its summit, the rest 
leafless. Flower single, terminal, on a foot -stalk about 2 inches long. 
Perianth of 8 (rarely 6 or 10) sepals; outer ones linear-lanceolate, 
green ; inner similar to these, but narrower and more yellow. 
Ord. XCIV. LILIACEiE Juss. 
Flowers perfect or very rarely imperfect. Sepals 6 (rarely 
4 or 8) all petaloid, regular or nearly so, occasionally cohering 
at the base in a tube. Stamens 6 (rarely 3, 4, or 8) inserted 
upon the sepals. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary free from 
the perianth, 3- (rarely 2- or by abortion 1-) celled. Style 1, 
undivided. Stigma simple or 3- (or rarely 2-) lobed. Fruit 
succulent or dry and capsular, 3- (or rarely 2-) celled. Seeds 
usually placed one above another in 2 rows in each cell, some- 
times in pairs or solitary. Albumen fleshy. — Herbs, shrubs, or 
trees, with bulbs or tubers or rhizomes or fibrous roots. Leaves 
with parallel veins or nerves , never articulated with the stem, 
mostly narroiv. Flowers usually large and showy, sometimes 
small and greenish. — Many of the family contain a bitter juice. 
The root of Scilla maritima (or Urginea Scilla) affords the 
squill of the shops. Socotrine aloes are produced by Aloe So - 
cotrina ; Barbadoes aloes by A. perfoliata. New Zealand fiax 
is the fibre from the leaves of Phormium tenax. Gum-dragon is 
the concrete juice of Dracaena Draco. 
* Fruit fleshy. Roots never bulbous. (Ovules ‘l in each cell, and filaments 
glabrous in British genera.) Asparage.e. 
1. Asparagus. Perianth 6-partite, campanulate. Stam. 6, distinct. 
Stigmas 3, reflexed. 
2. Kuscus. Perianth 6-partite. Stamens connected at the base. Style 
surrounded by a nectary (tube formed by the sterile stamens). 
Stigma capitate. Flowers'imperfect. 
3. Coxvallaria. Perianth campanulate, deeply 6-cleft. Stamens 6, 
distinct. Stigma 1. Flowers perfect. 
4. Poi.ygonatom. Perianth cylindrical, 6-cleft at the apex. Stam. 6, 
distinct. Stigma 1. Flowers perfect. 
