460 
XCVII. JUNCACE.-E. 
\_Juncus. 
Ord. XCVII. JUNCACEiE Juss. 
Perianth 6-partite, subglumaceous (usually scarious, some- 
times herbaceous and coloured internally, but ultimately dry and 
hard), persistent. Stamens 6, inserted into the base of the seg- 
ments, or sometimes 3, and then opposite the outer segments ; 
anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, imperfectly 3-celled and many- 
ovuled, or 1 -celled and 3-o vuled. Ovules anatropal. Stylet. 
Stigmas usually 3, sometimes 1. Fruit capsular, with 3 valves, 
bearing the dissepiment in the middle, rarely closed and by 
abortion 1 -seeded. Sheds erect, with a thin testa. Embryo 
minute, next the hilum, and included within a firm fleshy or 
cartilaginous albumen. Radicle inferior. — Herbs. Leaves 
grassy or subulate , with parallel nerves or veins, sometimes wanting. 
1. Juncus. Perianth glumaceous. Filaments glabrous. Stigmas 3. 
Capsule mostly 3-celled, many-seeded. 
2. Luzula. Perianth glumaceous. Filaments glabrous. Stigmas 3. 
Capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded. 
3. Narthecium. Perianth coloured. Filaments woolly. Stigma 1. 
Capsule 3-celled at the base, many-seeded. 
1. Juncus Linn. Rush. 
Perianth of 6 sepals, glumaceous. Filaments glabrous. 
Stigmas 3. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves with the seed-bear- 
ing dissepiments in their middle. Seeds numerous. (Leaves 
rigid, mostly terete, rarely plane, glabrous.) — Named from 
jungo, to join ; the leaves and stems of this genus having been 
employed for cordage. 
* Leaves none. Barren scapes resembling leaves. Panicle lateral. 
Flowers scattered. Seeds with their coat close, not appendaged. 
1. J. communis Meyer ( common R.) ; scapes very faintly 
striate soft and pliable, panicle branched, sepals spreading 
lanceolate nearly equal acute or acuminate rather longer than 
the obovate retuse capsule. — a. effusus; panicle usually diffuse, 
capsule not apiculate. J. effusus L.: E. B. t. 836. — /3. con- 
glomeratus ; panicle usually dens.e and globose, capsule apiculate. 
J. conglomeratus L. : E. B. t. 835. 
Marshv ground, common. If.. 7. — This is distinguished from 
J glaucus by its soft, pliable, almost smooth (scarcely striate) scapes. 
Stain, usually 3, sometimes 6. The var. a. has sometimes the panicle 
dense and globose ; and the var. /3. has it sometimes more or less 
diffuse ; so that the two are only to be distinguished by the capsule. 
2. J. glaucus Ehrh. ( hard R.) ; scapes striate rigid, panicle 
loose much branched, sepals lanceolate subulate nearly equal 
rather longer than the mucronate capsule, stamens 6. — a. 
