Zostera. 
CYI. CYPERACE^E. 
487 
a. In the sea ; /3. creeks and salt-water ditches, and on the sea- 
shore; both common, ty. 7,8 Stems various in length, as are 
the linear obtuse, somewhat 2 — 7-nerved leaves, which have sheath- 
ing bases. Spadix linear, arising from a sheathing portion of the 
leaf, which thus forms the spatha. Flowers green, borne, in two rows, 
on one side of the spadix, quite destitute of perianth. Pistils and 
anthers alternate, generally 2 anthers and then 1 pistil, both ovate, or 
oblong-ovate ; the germen terminated by a bipartite style and two 
filiform stigmas. Anthers bursting irregularly. 
2. Z. vdna Roth ( dwarf G .) ; leaves 1 -nerved, spadix short 
few-flowered with extra-marginal appendages, aehenes nearly 
even. Borr. in E. B. S. t. 2931. 
Dover beach ; Poole Harbour, Dorsetshire ; Brading Harbour 
and Ryde, Isle of Wight ; Emsworth Creek, between Sussex and 
Hants; Blyth, Northumberland. Between Fairlie and Hunterston 
Point, Ayrshire, covering hundreds of acres. g.. d — 8. — Leaves 
slender, 3 — 4 inches or more in length. Spatlias oblong-lanceolate, 
inflated. Fruit faintly striate (Fries}. 
Sub-Class II. GLUMACE2E. (Ord. CYI. CVII.) 
Flowers destitute of true perianth ( unless the urceolate or 2 — 3- 
valved covering to the ovary in some Cyperacese, or the glumel- 
las of the Gratninea?, he considered such), hut enclosed within 
imbricate alternate chaffy scales or hracteas. 
Conspectus op the Orders. 
106. CyperacEjE. Embryo at the base of the albumen and enclosed 
within it. Leaves with entire sheaths. 
107. Gra-M 1 ne.e. Embryo lateral, naked. Leaves with split sheaths. 
Ord. CVI. CYPERACE^l Juss. 
Flowers perfect or imperfect, furnished each with a solitary 
partial bractea called a glume , imbricated on a common axis 
or rachis, the whole constituting a spikelet. Perianth ? (here 
called perigynium ) only in the fertile imperfect flowers, rarely 
membranous, 2 — 3-valved, the valves distinct or usually 
united (in Care x), generally entirely wanting. Stamens hypo- 
gynous, definite (1 — 12), usually 3, with sometimes an addi- 
tional row of abortive filaments (called seta, or hypogynous 
bristles). Anthers erect, 2-celled. Ovary superior, 1 -celled, 
with one erect ovule at its base. Style single, 2 — 3-cleft. 
Stigmas 2— 3. Fruit an achene, crustaceous, or with a corky 
or fleshy, sometimes bony skin. Embryo lenticular, enclosed 
in the base of copious albumen. — Stems often angular, frequently 
icithout joints. Leaves with entire sheaths. Lower glumes in. 
each spikelet often destitute of stamens or pistil. 
y 4 
