504 
CVI. CTPERACEiE. 
[ Carex. 
ending in an acuminate winged serrate bidentate beak, stem 
triquetrous with the angles very sharp and scabrous and the 
sides flat. E. B. t. 1064. 
Swampy and spongy bogs. 2 /.. 6. — Roots densely tufted. Much 
larger than the next two, and rougher, often 5 feet high. “ Most 
unpleasant to handle, and of all the British species the most harsh 
and unmanageable :” Wilson. Leaves broad. Spike 2 — 4 inches long. 
Rracteas ovate, acute or cuspidate, rarely with a setaceous point. Base 
of the /nut broad, truncate, with a central notch resembling the next, 
and less distinctly stipitate than in C. teretiuscula, obscurely many- 
nerved on both surfaces. The ripe achene scarcely differs from what 
we observe in C. paradoxa, except by being usually a little more 
ovate, obtuse, and more flat on one side. 
17. C. paradoxa Willd. ( paradoxical C .) ; spike panicled 
consisting of spikelets arranged on short rather distant branches 
of a common axis, fruit ascending ovate plano-convex gibbous 
on the back with numerous short prominent ribs near the base, 
beak bidentate serrulate, stem trigonous and scabrous in the 
upper part with convex sides. E.B.S. t. 2896. C. paniculate 
/3. McLaren. 
Bogs. Askam bog, and Heslington field, York ; Hoveton, Nor- 
folk. Tadiston near Mullingar, Ireland. If. 6, 7 An artificial 
species. Root densely tufted, like that of C. panicuhita, and the spike 
almost as compound. Stems and leaves nearly as in C. teretiuscula ; 
leaves slender, rough at the edges, triquetrous at the end. Fruit 
obscurely stipitate, with about 7 nerves on the convex side, and 9 on 
the other, all disappearing about the middle. Achene unequally 
convex on both sides, broadly ovate, pointed with the inconspicuous 
base of the style, suddenly contracted below into a short stalk. This 
is closely allied to the last and the next species ; Mr. Bentham, 
indeed, unites the three. 
18. C. teretiuscula Gooden. ( lesser panicled C.) ; spike com- 
pound oblong or cylindrical consisting of ovate compact com- 
pound or simple spikelets with acute membranous scales, fruit 
subplano-convex gibbous on the back with 3 — 4 central nerves * 
on the convex surface stipitate ending in an acuminate winged 
serrulate bidentate beak, stem trigonous and scabrous in the 
upper part with convex sides. E. B. t. 1065. C. Ehrhartiana 
Hoppe. 
Boggy watery meadows, in various places. If. 6. — This grows 
usually in separate tufts, w ith much narrower leaves than C. paniculata, 
of a glaucous hue, and with blunter stems, 18 — 30 in. high, their angles 
roughish. Rracteas membranous, ovate, acute, the lowest sometimes 
with a setaceous point. Spike 1 — 1^ inch long. Achene with a very 
short point (base of the style), tapering at the base, convex, turbinate. 
In this and in C. paniculata a central line runs from the convex 
surface of the fruit, along the back, which is sometimes winged and 
