510 
CVI. CYPERACE7E. 
[ Car ex. 
stem. Fruit whitish, pulverulent, deciduous, always compressed, in 
8 — 9 rows. — The name, and the remarks of Linnaeus (/ter Scania, 
p. 207, 241 ), refer to this species. He however did not distinguish 
it from C. vulgaris Fries, of which a specimen alone exists in his 
Herbarium. Hence Goodenough considered the latter to be the true 
C. caspitosa L., and called the present species C. stricta : a name, 
however, that had been given to an American species by Lamarck 
three years previously. 1 
* * Beak of fruit short, 2-toothed. 
34. C. saxatilis L. (russet C .) ; barren spikelets 1 or rarely 
2, fertile ones ovate obtuse erect the lowest stalked with a 
foliaceous bractea, sheaths none, glumes oblong, fruit spreading 
ovate inflated nerved (nerves often obsolete) with a very short 
beak bifid at the point, leaves acuminate with trigonous points. 
— a. fruit usually obscurely nerved chestnut-brown, glumes 
dark purple tipped with white, their midrib dark purple. C. 
pulla Gooden.: E. B. t. 2045. — ■ ji. taller, fruit prominently 
nerved green or brown twice as long as the glume, glumes 
fuscous the tip and midrib pale. C. Grahami Boott in E. B. S. 
t.. 2923. 
Near springs, on the higher regions of the Scottish mountains. 
Ben Lomond ; Breadalbane range, not unfrequent ; Cairn Garadh, 
near Ben Nevis; mountains about Loch Scavig in Skye. — P. Glen 
Fiadh, Clova; Ben Cruban near Killin. If.. 6, 7. — Linnaeus could 
not have confounded this species with C. rigida ; the characters in the 
Flor. Lapp, and Species Plantarum clearly indicate C. pulla Gooden., 
and this is confirmed by the specimen in his Herbarium. We can- 
not therefore yield to the fanciful idea of Wahlenberg, and some 
modern Swedish botanists, that Linnaeus intended C. rigida, and so 
transferred the name to that species. Stem 6 — 8 inches (or in j8. 
sometimes 2 feet) high. Leaves remarkably acuminate, slightly 
keeled at the back, ‘with trigonous points, resembling some of the 
narrow-leaved species of Eriophorum. As to B-, the habit is con- 
siderably different, the fruit larger and longer, but we can find no 
certain character by which to separate it, except that the nerves of 
the fruit ( perigynium ) are very prominent and conspicuous the whole 
length, whereas in a. they are obscure, particularly in the upper 
1 Fries still retains the name of stricta for this species, and considers the 
C. caspitosa L. to be different both from it and from C. vulgaris, though nearer 
the latter : he pronounces it a native of this country, on the authority of a speci- 
men from Dr. Greville : his character is nearly as follows : — C caspitosa L. ; spikes 
erect crowded, barren solitary, fertile subsessile oblong, bracteas with long auricles 
the lowest only leaflike slender and short, fruit elliptical obtuse biconvex spreading 
not nerved, equal to or longer than the scale, beak short entire, glumes lanceolate 
(dark purple with a paler keel), stems slender triquetrous, lower sheaths leafless 
slightly tilamentose, two upper ones with leaves, leaves of the sterile shoots broad 
with a recurved margin. C. pacifica Drej. 
The plant sent by Dr. Greville was, we believe, our C. aquatilis, with which, 
however, this character agrees neither as to the bracteas nor leaves. 
